In this paper we report on work estimating the stability of value-added estimates of teacher effects, an important area of investigation given public interest in workforce policies that implicitly assume effectiveness is a stable attribute within teachers. The results strongly reject the hypothesis that teacher performance is completely stable within teachers over long periods of time, but esti...

This paper reports the results of a study that examined an online discussion group established for a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) course and investigated patterns of interactions generated through the online discussion and participants’ attitudes toward the computer-mediated communication (CMC) activity. The participants in the study were 24 English as a second/foreign language (E...

Islamic Sharia is based on sources, and studying these sources eliciting legal rulings from them attributing each ruling to its source that supports it an obligatory matter. The legislative which four are derived in the following order: Noble Qur’an, Prophet’s Sunnah, peace be upon him, consensus of nation, analogy, as agreed by majority Muslim imams. evidence for authenticity sources: origin f...

BACKGROUND The present qualitative study assessed the need, acceptability and appropriateness for implementing effective and culturally appropriate smoking prevention programs for adolescents in schools in Indonesia. METHODS Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants. The study sample comprised a mixture of staff in the education department, junior high school teachers and individuals...

The structure of the gaussian auxiliary field approximation in the theory of phase ordering kinetics is analysed with the aim of placing the method within the context of a systematic theory. While we are unable to do this for systems with a scalar order parameter, where the approximation remains uncontrolled, a systematic development about the gaussian approximation can be outlined for systems ...