We studied electrostatic charging of ice films induced by the impact of 1−200-keV Ar+ ions and their subsequent discharging postirradiation. We derived the positive surface electrostatic potential from the kinetic energy of sputtered molecular ions and with a Kelvin probe. Measurements were performed as a function of film thickness, temperature, and ion energy. Charging requires that the projec...

The temperatures induced in crystalline calcite (CaCO3) upon planar shock compression (95^160 GPa) are reported from two-stage light gas gun experiments. Temperatures of 3300^5400 K are obtained by fitting six-channel optical pyrometer radiances in the 450^900 nm range to the Planck gray-body radiation law. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that these temperatures are some 400^1350 K lower...

The Spitzer Space Telescope has advanced debris disk science tremendously with a wealth of information on debris disks around nearby A, F, G, K and M stars at 24 and 70 μm with the MIPS photometer and at 8-34 μm with IRS. Here we present 160 μm observations of a small sub-set of these stars. At this wavelength, the stellar photospheric emission is negligible and any detected emission correspond...

Traditionally, data mining and time series analysis have been seen as separate approaches to analyzing enterprise data. However, much of the data generated by business processes is time-stamped. Time series data mining is a marriage of forecasting and traditional data mining techniques that uses time dimensions and predictive analytics to to make better business decisions. SAS has developed a c...

We present a novel approach for high-aspect ratio low resistance Thru-Wafer Interconnects for DoubleSided (TWIDS) fabrication of MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). The interconnects are formed by etching blind via holes in the handle substrate of an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) wafer, followed by filling the holes with copper, using sonic-assisted seedless copper electroplating process. This ...

L’International Seminar on Macroeconomics (ISoM) est une conférence annuelle co-financée, pendant 15 ans (1978-1993), par l’EHESS et le NBER. Cet article expose les dynamiques institutionnelles scientifiques sous-jacentes à cette coopération. Nous suggérons que macroéconomistes rassemblés l’ISoM contribuèrent grandement la cons...

Abstract Introduction In an effort to build intelligent, autonomous systems, robotics has repeatedly used neuroscience as a source of inspiration for perception and control. This corresponds well with advances in neuroscience, particularly the free energy principle; unified theory brain, integrating together notions action, perception, learning. Crucially robotics, it provides simple recipe syn...