Caloric and water requirements for basal metabolism in the hospitalized, not anesthetized children were calculated by Holliday and Segar in 1957 [1]. They developed an empirical equation estimating maintenance requirements: 100 mL/kg/day for the first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg /day for the second 10 kg and 20 ml/kg/day for the remaining kg with hypotonic solutions (saline 0.2%) containing 2-3 mEq/100 kca...

background: nuts are one of the main consumed snacks worldwide and also have an important role among iranian's food habits. natural contamination of nuts with aflatoxin is unavoidable and causes a special challenge for nuts safety and quality. objectives: the purpose of this research was to study the aflatoxin contamination in commercially-available nuts (pistachio, walnut and peanut) in the ma...

The effect of salt intake on the hypertensive response to long-term infusion of endothelin-1 was investigated. Chronically instrumented male Sprague-Dawley rats (325-375 g) were used in a 15-day protocol that included 3 control days followed by 7 days of endothelin-1 infusion at 5.0 pmol.kg-1.min-1 and 5 days of recovery. Rats were maintained on either a normal sodium chloride intake (2.0 meq N...

Demeclocycline has been shown to induce nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in normal subjects.' It has been used successfully for treating the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion2 3 and water retention related to liver cirrhosis.4 The findings presented here show its efficacy in cardiac oedema unresponsive to classic diuretic treatment. Six patients with chronic congestive hear...

The present study was carried out in the Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry lab at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology Sciences. sampling location Purnea district Bihar. objective to analyze Physico-chemical properties soil Bihar, India. Depth wise samples were collected from nine different village 3 blocks selected spots 0-15, 15-30 30-45 cm. total no. 27 several farmer'...

Using 24 hours in vitro cultures of rumen microorganisms, this study investigates the effect of buffering capacity of 2 inorganic compounds (M1=119.43 and M2=116.50 meq/L) on the in vitro rumen acidogenic value (AV), medium pH, dry matter disappearance (INVDMD) and methane emission of lactating dairy cow diets containing various forage to concentrate ratios as 40:60 (FC40:60) and 30:70 (FC30:70...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Repetitive periods of cerebral ischemia result in more severe injury than a single period of ischemia of similar total duration. We investigated the possibility of prostaglandin mediation of this increased injury by attempting to modify brain edema formation with indomethacin pretreatment. METHODS Under halothane/N2O anesthesia, groups of gerbils underwent bilateral car...

During the periparturient period, subclinical hypocalcemia (total plasma Ca concentration <2.0 mmol/l) is a potential problem for the dairy cow; consequently, its prevention is essential for success of fertility and productive performance. Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) has been defined as the difference in milliequivalents of cations (Na, K) and anions (Cl, S) per kilogram of dry matte...

We studied the contribution of vasopressin to the maintenance of high blood pressure in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension in the rat using the nonpeptide orally effective vasopressin VI receptor antagonist OPC-21268. Binding kinetic studies demonstrated that oral OPC-21268 (30 mg/kg) acted as a competitive antagonist at the vasopressin VI receptor in DOCA-salt and salt contro...