the islamic astronomy including the persian astronomy was thoroughly introduced into india from the 14th century ad or so. firstly, the astrolabe was introduced at the time of f?r?z sh?h tughluk?, and a sanskrit work entitled yantra-r?ja (1370 ad) was composed by mahendra s?ri. at that time, some sanskrit astronomical (or astrological) works were also translated into persian. the astrolabe beca...

This paper attempts to explain the nature of phonetic and semantic changes Polish word ciżma ‘crakow, a medieval style shoes with extremely long toes’. Turkish lexeme çizme ‘boot’ appeared in Balkans due Ottoman expansion 14th 15th century, then entered Hungary, went north through Hungarian. It is or was present Venetian, Romanian, most Slavic languages, Lithuanian others. The paths how this sp...

The issue of the Bosnian church – or more precisely dualist heresy in Bosnia has caused serious controversies among scholars since 19th century. main aim this paper is to shed new light on controversial issue, through analysis doctrine Slavonic dualism (ordo Sclavoniae) based Western sources. subject will be sources concerning contacts Cathars from France and Italy with heretics Sclavonia espec...