BACKGROUND Cataract is the leading cause of bilateral blindness in India. It has been reported that cataract is responsible for 50-80% of the bilaterally blind in the country. Cataract formation is a natural part of the ageing process. At present, adequate data are not available regarding the FABP2 and PPARG2 gene polymorphisms and their susceptibility with cataract cases in the North Indian po...

The effects of the interaction between cellularand tumor-scale processes on cancer progression and treatment response remain poorly understood (for instance, the crucial role of the microenvironment in cancer growth and invasion [95, 65, 184, 183, 160, 110, 66, 166]). Three-dimensional tissue morphology, cell phenotype, and molecular phenomena are intricately coupled; they influence cancer inva...

INTRODUCTION High-frequency audiometry may contribute to the early detection of hearing loss caused by ototoxic medications. Many ototoxic drugs are widely used in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis. Early detection of hearing loss should allow known harmful drugs to be identified before the damage affects speech frequencies. The damage caused by ototoxicity is irreversible, resulti...

During auditory stimulation with several frequency components, distortion products (DPs) are generated as byproduct of nonlinear cochlear amplification. After generated, DP energy is reemitted into the ear channel where it can be measured as DP otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and it also induces an excitatory response at cochlear places related to the DP frequencies. We measured responses of 91 i...

A fundamental assumption in bioacoustics is that large animals tend to produce vocalizations with lower frequencies than small animals. This inverse relationship between body size and vocalization frequencies is widely considered to be foundational in animal communication, with prominent theories arguing that it played a critical role in the evolution of vocal communication, in both production ...

BACKGROUND The feasibility of anatomical lobectomy in patients with bronchial carcinoma in an area of severe heterogeneous emphysema whose respiratory reserve is outside operability guidelines has previously been confirmed. A review was undertaken to determine whether this approach is justified by long-term survival. METHODS A single surgeon's 8 year experience of 118 consecutive patients (74...

Deafness is a sensory impairment which results in a partial or total loss in reception of sound. The intensity of sound can be measured in decibels (dB). It is usual to assess hearing thresholds at frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 KHz. Sounds of each frequency are presented at different intensities to a subject and the response is recorded graphically as an audiogram. A loss in hearing i...