This lecture presents Euclidean algorithm, and then introduces Vigenère, Hill, permutation and stream ciphers. We define attack models for performing cryptanalysis on different ciphers, and show how statistical analysis of the English language can be used to cryptanalyze cryptosystems with large key spaces. Readings from Chapter 1 of D. Stinson. 1 The Euclidean Algorithm(s) Many of the crypto s...

INTRODUCTION In elderly seniors (>80 years), respiratory function may be compromised when, in addition to the presence of comorbidity and loss of mobility, there is also reduced respiratory muscle (RM) strength. The literature has shown that RM training could be an effective method to improve RM function and prevent clinical deterioration, particularly in population with RM weakness. The main p...

Neutral pion ($\pi^{0}$) and $\eta$ meson production cross sections were measured up to unprecedentedly high transverse momenta ($p_{\rm T}$) in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 8.16 TeV. The mesons reconstructed via their two-photon decay channel the rapidity interval $-1.3< y <0.3$ ranges of $0.4<p_{\rm T}<200$ GeV/$c$ $1.0<p_{\rm T}<50$ GeV/$c$, respectively. respective nuclear modif...

Neutral pion ($\pi^{0}$) and $\eta$ meson production cross sections were measured up to unprecedentedly high transverse momenta ($p_{\rm T}$) in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 8.16 TeV. The mesons reconstructed via their two-photon decay channel the rapidity interval $-1.3< y <0.3$ ranges of $0.4<p_{\rm T}<200$ GeV/$c$ $1.0<p_{\rm T}<50$ GeV/$c$, respectively. respective nuclear modif...

‎Let $mathscr{L}$ be a commutative subspace lattice generated by finite many commuting independent nests on a complex separable Hilbert space $mathbf{H}$ with ${rm dim}hspace{2pt}mathbf{H}geq 3$‎, ‎${rm Alg}mathscr{L}$‎ ‎the CSL algebra associated with $mathscr{L}$ and $mathscr{M}$ be an algebra containing ${rm Alg}mathscr{L}$‎. ‎This article is aimed at describing the form of‎ ‎additive mapppi...

We present both a disc-wind model on the optical/UV emission continuum and CLOUDY modelling spectral lines of tidal disruption event (TDE) iPTF16axa to understand properties atmosphere that impacts line luminosity TDE. Assuming from wind due disc super-Eddington phase, we use steady structured with spherical constant velocity fit observations multiple days. The extracted parameters are stellar-...

the effects of four corn hybrids, keynes540, keynes410, ksc260 and ksc400, were investigated on life table parameters of the beet armyworm in a growth chamber that was set at 25 ± 1 ºc, 65 ± 5% rh and 16:8 (l: d) photoperiod. the highest survivorship (lx) of adults were 0.77, 0.70, 0.62 and 0.58 on ksc260, keynes410, keynes540 and ksc400, respectively. the highest age-specific fecundity (mx) of...

BACKGROUND The recruitment maneuver (RM) has been shown to improve oxygenation in some patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. But there is a lack of standardization and lack of clinical studies to prove the improvement on clinical outcome. We conducted this study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the RM in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using ...

Composed of ultralight bosons, fuzzy dark matter provides an intriguing solution to challenges that the standard cold model encounters on sub-galactic scales. The with mass $m\sim10^{-23} \rm{eV}$ will induce a periodic oscillation in gravitational potentials frequency nanohertz band, leading observable effects arrival times radio pulses from pulsars. Unlike scalar matter, pulsar timing signals...

We develop a Newtonian model of deep tidal disruption event (TDE), for which the pericenter distance star, $r_{\rm p}$, is well within radius black hole, t}$, i.e., when $\beta \equiv r_{\rm t}/r_{\rm p} \gg 1$. find that shocks form \gtrsim 3$, but they are weak (with Mach numbers $\sim 1$) all $\beta$, and reach center star prior to time maximum adiabatic compression 10$. The density temperat...