Selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) has gained popularity as a facile method of examining RNA structure both in vitro and in vivo, exploiting accessibility of the ribose 2'-OH to acylation by N-methylisatoic anhydride (NMIA) in unpaired or flexible configurations. Subsequent primer extension terminates at the site of chemical modification, and these products are...

PCR-based strategies such as competitive RT-PCR or semiquantitative RTPCR are commonly used for quantitating low-abundance mRNA transcripts (4,7–9). Competitive RT-PCR relies on amplifying the same target with a known amount of a competitor/reference sequence and comparing the relative amounts of the two PCR products. To improve the sensitivity and accuracy of these methods, often expensive and...

In this study, two PCR-based methods (MSP-PCR and PCR-MP) were compared for their abilities to identify intraspecies variations of 23 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, 78 isolates of Trichophyton interdigitale and 22 isolates of Microsporum canis, obtained mainly from patients in Lódź city. The results allowed to distinguish four types (containing two subtypes) characteristic for T. interdigital...

Adhesive restorations are based on the use of materials, which have the capacity to bond tooth effectively. This is possible due to a polymerizing hybrid layer interface created by the use of the Etch&Rinse (ERAs) and self-etching adhesives (SEAs). Bonding using ERAs include the acid-etching removal of the mineral phase from the substrates of enamel and dentine. A hybrid layer results by fillin...

Cloning of antibody variable regions (V) is of great experimental and practical interest, e.g. for genetic manipulation of antibodies of therapeutic or diagnostic value, as well as for developing alternative strategies for animal or human antibody production. Several methods have been so far described for cloning antibody V-regions using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (reviewed in ref. 1). Sin...

We compared the effects of lidocaine, 2 X 10(-5) M, on transmembrane resting and action potentials of Purkinje fibers on the endocardial surface of 24- to 72-hour-old myocardial infarcts in dogs with its actions and subendocardial Purkinje fibers in normal hearts. At both proximal (near the tip of the papillary muscle) and distal (toward the apex) recording sites in noninfarcted hearts, lidocai...

A 50-year-old man with postprandial abdominal pain, weight loss, and generalized body ache was referred to Nuclear medicine department for a whole body bone scan to look for any malignancy. Clinical examination did not reveal any specific positive findings. He underwent aTechnetium-99m Methylene Diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scan which showed no obvious bone pathology. But there was...