BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular effects of two low-levels of caffeine ingestion in non habitual caffeine users at various submaximal and maximal exercise intensities. METHODS Nine male subjects (19-25 yr; 83.3 +/- 3.1 kg; 184 +/- 2 cm), underwent three testing sessions administered in a randomized and double-blind fashion. During each session, subjects w...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on endurance capacity during prolonged intermittent running. METHODS Nine subjects (eight men and one woman) ran to exhaustion on a motorised treadmill on two occasions separated by at least 10 days. After an overnight fast, they performed repeated 15 second bouts of fast running (at 80% Vo2MAX for the first 60 minutes, at...

OBJECTIVE We previously showed that arrest with multidose infusions of high-dose (1 mmol/L) esmolol (an ultra-short-acting beta-blocker) in oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer (esmolol cardioplegia) provided complete myocardial protection after 40 minutes of normothermic (37 degrees C) global ischemia in isolated rat hearts. In this study we investigated the importance of oxygenation for protecti...

Pair programming (PP) is a useful approach to fostering computational thinking for young students. However, there are many factors impacting on the effectiveness of PP. The period of switching roles between the driver and the navigator is often ignored by researchers. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of the switching period on PP. We conducted a PP experiment in four classes in...

Objective The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic effect and tolerance profile of acupuncture versus intravenous (IV) titrated morphine in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with renal colic. Materials and methods A total of 115 patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in the IV titrated-morphine group (n=61) received 0.1 mg/kg morphine every 5 min...

BACKGROUND Bona fide psychotherapy approaches are effective treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) compared to no-treatment conditions. Treatment manuals and protocols allow a relatively high degree of freedom for the way therapists implement these overall treatment packages and there is a systematic lack of knowledge on how therapists should customize these treatments. The present s...

objective: cardiovascular complications are the major cause of reduced lifetime in diabetic patients. given that physical activity can play an effective role in reducing these complications, the current study was conducted with the aim of examining the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on some cardiovascular risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes. materials and methods: twenty women wi...

OBJECTIVE Although it is well documented that breast milk provides optimal nutrition and immune benefits to the infant, factors that influence the immunologic composition of breast milk are less understood. A recent study reported that immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in breast milk are lower after exercise compared with resting concentrations. However, the women exercised until exhaustion. The ef...

BACKGROUND Low-Dye taping is used for excessive pronation at the subtalar joint of the foot. Previous research has focused on the tape's immediate effect on plantar pressure. Its effectiveness following exercise has not been investigated. Peak plantar pressure distribution provides an indirect representation of subtalar joint kinematics. The objectives of the study were 1) To determine the effe...