Terpenes are an important class of natural secondary metabolites with a wide range applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Currently, the traditional production methods terpenes almost depend on plant extraction chemical conversion. The method consumes lot resources makes it difficult to separate target compound from extractives, while conversion has complex synthesis route leads s...

Abstract. The viscosity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is needed to improve predictions air quality, climate, and atmospheric chemistry. Many techniques have been developed measure the micrometer-sized materials at room temperature; however, few are able as a function temperature for these small sample sizes. SOA in troposphere experience wide range temperatures, so measurement needed. To a...

Background & Aim: White horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.) is a perennial medicinal plant of the family Lamiaceae. The aim of this study was to identify of the chemical components of white horehound collected from Isfahan.  Experimental: The aerial parts of M. vulgare were collected from (Kamu Mountain) Isfahan province central of Iran, during 2014. The essential oils of sample...

The interactions between plants and pollinators are complex. Flower volatiles as special olfactory cues could influence the foraging choices of pollinators. Here, we conducted bioassays to evaluate role flower on attraction honey bees (native Apis cerana exotic mellifera) pears Pyrus bretschneideri communis). Chemical electrophysiological approaches were used determine antennal responses from p...

Chamomile is a medicinal plant with high economic value. In this research, 20 chamomile ecotypes collected from different regions of Iran were evaluated for genetic and chemical diversity. DNA was extracted by CTAB and polymerase chain reaction was performed using 13 RAPD markers. Essential oils extraction was performed by water distillation using Clevenger system. Components of the essential o...

The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is a plant pathogen that causes significant economic damage to important food crops. nematicidal and insecticidal effects of the essential oil extract root stem different species Eupatorium have been studied in several countries. We investigated impact stems leaves E. adenophorum on second-stage juveniles (J2s) M. incognita. Nematode mortality decr...

Abstract Plants represent a rich repository of taxonomically restricted, yet chemically diverse, secondary metabolites that are synthesised via specific metabolic pathways. Enzyme specificity and biosynthetic gene clustering the bottleneck metabolite evolution. As economically important food crops, grape, strawberry, olive produce many pharmaceutically molecules; however, their pathways remain ...

In the present study, Y-tube olfactometric assays demonstrated that headspace volatile extracts collected from leaf miner-damaged, or artificially damaged, bean plants were more attractive to naive females of the parasitoid insect Opius dissitus than those collected from healthy plants. Headspace extracts from both Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza sativae second-instar larvae-damaged beans ...