تابع  یک تابع احاطه گر 2-رنگین کمانی  برای گراف  نامیده می­شود هرگاه برای هر راس  با شرط  داشته باشیم . وزن یک 2rdf  برابر است با . عدد احاطه گر 2-رنگین کمانی گراف  را که با نماد  نمایش می­دهیم کمترین وزن یک 2rdf در گراف  است. تابع احاطه­گر ماکسیمال 2-رنگین کمانی (m2rdf) برای گراف  یک تابع احاطه­گر 2-رنگین کمانی  می­باشد به­طوری که مجموعه­ی  یک مجموعه­ی احاطه­گر برای گراف  نباشد. وزن یک m2rdf  ...

فرض کنید یک گراف ساده داده شده است. هر مقدار ویژه ماتریس مجاورت این گراف یک مقدار ویژه آن نامیده می شود. انرژی یک گراف عبارت است از مجموع قدرمطلق های مقادیر ویژه آن. دو گراف با انرژی یکسان گرافهای هم انرژی نامیده می شوند. این مقاله به توصیف تاریخی و شرحی از نتایج جدید در این زمینه می پردازد.

run-out-table (rot) is located between last finishing stand and down coiler in a hot strip mill. as the hot steel strip passes from rot, water jets impact on it from top and bottom and strip temperature decreases approximately from 800-950 °c to 500-750°c. the temperature history that strip experience while passing through rot affects significantly the metallurgical and mechanical properties, s...

among the low–dimensional allotropes of carbon, nanotubes and graphene have attracted very much attention from nano–science and nanotechnology specialists. they have been proposed as building blocks in nanometer device engineering. however, these structures are not defect–free. in this thesis, we focused on defective carbon nanotubes and graphene, and studied the effect of couple of very common...

the construct of self-efficacy has received increasing attention in research over the past two decades. many studies have been carried out 1.3 significance of the study this study has pedagogical implications since improving students’ self- efficacy and autonomy is important for promoting actual performance on classroom academic tasks. in academic settings, it has been shown that self-effi...

abstract this study is an attempt to determine the effect of nano- technology education on science lesson for fifth grade in primary school in the city of kermanshah. this research is experimental and is conducted in the from of pre-test and post- test for the control group. an achievement test was administered to determine the rate of learning in the students. the research is an applied one. ...

abstract: in this thesis, we focus to class of convex optimization problem whose objective function is given as a linear function and a convex function of a linear transformation of the decision variables and whose feasible region is a polytope. we show that there exists an optimal solution to this class of problems on a face of the constraint polytope of feasible region. based on this, we dev...

the issue of curriculum and syllabus evaluation and revision has been in center of attention right from when curriculum came into attention of educational institutions. thus everywhere in the world in educational institutions curricula and syllabi are evaluated and revised based on the goals, the needs, existing content, etc.. in iran any curriculum is designed in a committee of specialists and...

methodology non-native participants in this study were sixty ba students majoring in english literature and teaching english as a foreign language at khayyam university of mashhad. they were senior students, between 21 to 24 years old, who had studied english for at least three and a half years and had passed several courses including grammar, reading, conversation, and writing. this was assum...

in this project, some new polyaspartimides, (pas)s, have been synthesized form michael addition reaction between new synthetic bismaleimide (bmi) and some aromatic diamines. a characteristic property of this polyaspartimides is a pendent carboxylic group, which introduced to these polymers from new bismaleimide. bismaleimides (bmi) is one of the interesting compounds, which can be self-polymeri...