Excess adiposity has been shown to play a crucial role in the development of the metabolic syndrome. The elevated fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels is the central lipid abnormality observed in the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have indicated that diacylglycerol (DAG) is effective for fasting and postprandial hyperlipidemia and preventing excess adiposity by incr...

We begin with trying to find the shortest path in a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Recall that a DAG has directed edges and contains no cycles. Recall the definition of a topological sort: Definition 1. Let G = (V,E) be a graph. Let v1, . . . ,vn be an ordering of the vertices in V . v1, . . . ,vn are in topologically sorted order if for all edges (vi,v j) ∈ E, i < j. If G is a DAG, then it is a...

PKC signaling has been implicated in the regulation of many cell functions, including metabolism, cell death, proliferation, and secretion. Activation of conventional and novel PKC isoforms is associated with their Ca(2+)- and/or diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent translocation to the plasma membrane. In β cells, exocytosis of insulin granules evokes brief (<10 s) local DAG elevations ("spiking") a...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory polypeptide that is able to induce a great diversity of cellular responses via modulating the expression of a number of different genes. One major pathway by which TNF receptors communicate signals from the membrane to the cell nucleus involves protein kinase C (PKC). In the present study, we have addressed the molecular mechanism of TNF-induced ...

The diameter of an undirected unweighted graph G = (V,E) is the maximum value of the distance from any vertex u to another vertex v for u, v ∈ V where distance i.e. d(u, v) is the length of the shortest path from u to v in G. DAG, is a directed graph without a cycle. We denote the diameter of an unweighted DAG G = (V,E) by δ(G). The stretch of a DAG G is the length of longest path from u to v i...

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid signal messenger and plays a physiological role in β-cells. Since defective glucose homeostasis increases de novo DAG synthesis, DAG may also contribute to β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Although the primary function of DAG is to activate protein kinase C (PKC), the role of PKC in insulin secretion is controversial: PKC has been reported to act as both a ...

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) compounds are widely used as oral hypoglycemic agents. Herein, we provide evidence showing that troglitazone, one of the TZD compounds, is able to prevent glomerular dysfunction in diabetic rats through a novel mechanism independent of its insulin-sensitizing action. We examined the effect of troglitazone on functional and biochemical parameters of glomeruli in streptozo...

Diacyglycerol (DAG) is an important class of cellular lipid messengers, but its function in plants remains elusive. Here, we show that knockout of the Arabidopsis thaliana nonspecific phospholipase C (NPC4) results in a decrease in DAG levels and compromises plant response to abscisic acid (ABA) and hyperosmotic stresses. NPC4 hydrolyzes various phospholipids in a calcium-independent manner, pr...

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is an important lipid signalling molecule that exerts an effect on various effector proteins including protein kinase C. A main mechanism for DAG removal is to convert it to phosphatidic acid (PA) by DAG kinases (DGKs). However, it is not well understood how DGKs are targeted to specific subcellular sites and tightly regulates DAG levels. The neuronal synapse is a prominent...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of alpha-linolenic acid-rich diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG) compared with alpha-linolenic acid-rich triacylglycerol (ALA-TAG) on visceral fat area (VFA) in people with overweight. METHODS Subjects with overweight were recruited to a randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group designed trial and randomly allocated to two groups that consumed either 2.5 g/...