The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway mediates the high-glucose-induced lipid accumulation in the renal tubular cells in diabetes. Studies have revealed that the downstream target genes of phospho-Akt, BCL2-associated death promoter (Bad) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) are associated with lipid accumulation in hepatic cells and preadipocytes. In the pre...

suggests, as do our data, that responses to 1-x-OHD, and I-ax, 25-(OH)2D, are different enough to have important implications in treatment. Although hypercalcaemia remains a serious risk with all vitamin D derivatives the rapid reversal that is possible after I-x, 25-(OH),D, treatment makes this agent preferable to calciferol and possibly to 1-x-OHD,. This is particularly so in patients in whom...

Nejat Mahdieh1,2, PhD; Bahareh Rabbani1, PhD, and Ali Rabbani*1,3, MD 1. Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam , Iran 3. Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) accounts for the cause of 90-95% of ...

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is linked to vitamin D deficiency. This clinical trial aimed to determine the influence of vitamin D supplementation on intensity of BPPV. Methods: The study population was selected consecutively and the diagnosis of BPPV was made by history and clinical examination and exclusion of other conditions. Intensity of BPVV was assessed based...

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is known to affect a diverse range of biological functions controlling gene expression, cellular architecture, and apoptosis. GSK-3β has recently been identified as one of the important pathogenic mechanisms in motor neuronal death related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Therefore, the development of methods to control GSK-3β could be helpful in post...

In this research, aerial parts of Euphorbia denticulata Lam were collected from Sanandaj city in Kurdistan province at the West of Iran. It was extracted by maceration using acetone as solvent. Isolation of compounds were carried out with repeated column chromatography using silica gel and normal preparative HPLC using YMC-Pack-Sil column and hexane: ethyl acetate as mobile phase. The structure...

Micronutrient deficiencies exist among women of childbearing age in the United Arab Emirates but the effects of maternal micronutrient deficiency on fetal growth are not well documented. To investigate the association between micronutrients and birth weight, we measured maternal and cord blood micronutrients (vitamin A, C, D, and E) and ferritin in 84 term, singleton infants born to healthy Ara...

We previously demonstrated that 14-3-3β is overexpressed in astrocytomas; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Based on the reported multiple functions of 14-3-3β, we hypothesized that it interacts with glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), which regulates β-catenin-mediated oncogene expression and contributes to tumorigenesis and astrocytoma progression. To test these hypo...

Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is one of the most common otorhinolaryngologic diseases worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) was quantitatively evaluated in patients with CRSsNP (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). The mRNA levels of GSK-3α and GSK-3β were examined by qPCR, the i...

This aim of this study was to investigate whether progesterone (PROG) alleviates the neuronal apoptosis in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. A total of 96 newborn Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into four groups: sham surgery, HI, drug prevention (PROG) ...