BACKGROUND In Turkey, vector control programs are mainly based on indoor residual spraying with pyrethroids against mosquitoes. No special control program is available for sand flies. Most insecticide susceptibility tests were done for mosquitoes but not for sand flies. We therefore aimed to determine the insecticide susceptibility against two commonly used insecticides; deltamethrin and permet...

[1] Measurements of sand flux and water flow in the Mississippi River are presented for a portion of the system 35–50 km upstream from the head of its subaerial delta. These data are used to provide insight into how nonuniform flow conditions, present in the lower reaches of large alluvial rivers, affect the timing and magnitude of sand transport near the river outlet. Field surveys during both...

Substrate-borne vibration for locating mates, predators and prey is widespread in the animal kingdown. Antlion larvae dig funnel-shaped traps to catch ants and they are totally immersed in dry sand. We used a playback setup reproducing an ant walking on sand to clearly demonstrate that antlions use sand-borne vibrations to locate their prey. Half the tested animals moved towards the stimulus so...

A laboratory-based methodology to launch cylindrical sand slugs at high velocities is developed. The methodology generates well-characterised soil ejecta without the need for detonation of an explosive; this laboratory-based tool thereby allows for the experimental investigation of the soil-structure events. The experimental set-up comprises a launcher with a cylindrical cavity and a piston to ...

Sand liquefaction triggered by earthquakes is a devastating geological disaster and has emerged as an engaging topic in earthquake engineering. With enhanced understanding of pure sand promoted laboratory research, there growing concern, following filed investigations, over the influence fine particles on potential containing inclusions. Efforts have been devoted to clarifying significance cert...

The results of present investigation revealed that among the different potting media treatments, M1: Vermiculite + Garden soil Sand was found to be most beneficial for improving took days germination, germination percentage, height seedling, number leaves seedling-1, stem diameter, primary roots length (cm), secondary roots, fresh and dry shoots weight, seed vigor index – I II leaf area (cm). I...

Abstract Colloidal silica (CS) grouting is a soil improvement technique introduced as an innovative remedial measure against seismic liquefaction. It consists of injecting soils with time-hardening, nanosilica-based solution forming gel among particles. This paper presents the results experimental study on effects initial static shear stress behaviour cyclically loaded clean sand stabilised 5% ...

Within areas of the Chihuahuan Desert dominated by honey mesquite bushes (Prosopis glandulosa), soil erosion causes open eroded patches and the formation of large coppice dunes. The airflow patterns around the dunes and through the open areas are correlated with sand flux and erosion. This study uses wind velocity simulations from the Quick Urban and Industrial Complex (QUIC) model in combinati...

Landslide dams pose enormous risks to infrastructures and communities in mountainous areas near rivers, with potential dam breaches causing catastrophic secondary hazards. The morphology of a landslide dam, essential its stability, is highly influenced by formation conditions, including the type, material composition, valley shape. However, correlation between these factors poorly understood. A...