Wolbachia are maternally inherited, cellular endosymbionts that can enhance their fitness by biasing host sex ratio in favour of females. Male killing (MK) is an extreme form of sex-ratio manipulation that is selectively advantageous if the self-sacrifice of Wolbachia in males increases transmission through females. In live-bearing hosts, females typically produce more embryos than can be carri...

The human filarial parasite Brugia malayi harbors an endosymbiotic bacterium of the genus Wolbachia. The Wolbachia represent an attractive target for the control of filarial induced disease as elimination of the bacteria affects molting, reproduction and survival of the worms. The molecular basis for the symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia and their filarial hosts has yet to be elucidated....

This paper presents a strong cutting plane method implemented by branch and cut to solve the assembly line workload smoothing problem which minimizes the maximum idle time for a specified number of stations in order to balance workloads assigned to all stations. The approach exploits a problem formulation that embeds the assembly line balancing polytope. Thus, inequalities that are known to be ...

to determine the droplet characteristics of agricultural spray nozzles through water sensitive paper (wsp), the non-circular and overlapped spots appearing on the water sensitive paper surfaces are eliminated. in the conventional approach, the procedure is done according to the subjective self determined estimation of the operator. the objective of this study was to develop a practical alternat...

In mass customization (MC), the assembly operations of modular products tend to be organized as form flexible mixed-model line (FMMAL). The dynamic scheduling problem FMMAL is quite complex with product sequencing, station allocation, material delivery, disruption events failure, inserting and reworking. To solve these problems, a comprehensive framework combining architecture Internet Manufact...

Windthrow is a common occurrence in boreal forests, affecting wood supply and presenting regeneration challenges for forest managers. Salvage harvesting often conducted afterwards to extract valuable improve access renewal activities. Research efforts, however, are generally limited the effects of windthrow salvage first few years following disturbance. In 2006, catastrophic wind event occurred...

COVID-19 pandemic has created a lot of work stress, especially among medical professionals, namely nurses. The absence the non-invasive stress detecting method using salivary alpha-amylase test in Mongolia served us to perform this study. We consider that nurse immunization could be managed and boosted if is detected, it would serve as prevention from infections clinical settings. study aims in...

The effects of 7- and 14-day exposure to water-dissolved Cu at sublethal concentrations 0.01 0.1 mg/L subsequent increase in water temperature a rate 8°C/h on intestinal proteolytic activity (PA) amylolytic (AA), as well brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) water-soluble protein (WSP) content juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus have been vivo studied. Additionally, the values upper were determined by c...

The two first decades of the 21 st Century were marked by recrudescence powerhouses, Russia and China. Given their important role on global geopolitics, these countries took advantage gaps resulted from yet another crisis structure capitalism, which influenced relative decline United States capacity to impose its will international system as they had been able do so since end World War II. This...

The bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in sediments from West Lake and Lake Tai (China) and Lough Erne (Northern Ireland) was evaluated using total P (TP), water soluble P (WSP), readily desorbable P (RDP), algal available P (AAP) and Olsen-P. The results indicated that the TP content, the amounts of phosphorus extracted by each method and their proportions to TP varied widely between sediments ...