Based on a representative data set of more than 36,000 original tax report extracts, we develop a microsimulation model that calculates the fiscal impact of changes in the area of tax deductible work-related expenses, in particular expenses for travelling from private home to the place of work, in Germany. The new model allows a more accurate estimation of the fiscal impact of changes in the Ge...

Recent federal legislation, H.R. 25 and S. 25, calls for a national retail sales tax. This tax is intended to replace the existing federal individual and corporate income taxes, the payroll tax which is used to fund the Social Security trust fund, and the estate and gift tax. One of the goals of the national sales tax is to reduce the compliance burden associated with the existing federal incom...

Recent federal legislation, H.R. 25 and S. 25, calls for a national retail sales tax. This tax is intended to replace the existing federal individual and corporate income taxes, the payroll tax which is used to fund the Social Security trust fund, and the estate and gift tax. One of the goals of the national sales tax is to reduce the compliance burden associated with the existing federal incom...

Fiscal deficit concerns, especially during sever downturns, and uncertainties regarding future federal grants have underscored the importance of relying on state own-revenues including taxes. In this paper, we derive an equation for state total tax revenue-output ratio and estimate it using a panel of forty-nine states over the period 1978-97 (the sample period reflects a break in some key seri...

We study experimentally how taxpayers choose between two tax regimes to fund a public good. The first-best tax regime imposes a general, distortion-free income tax. However, this tax cannot be enforced. The second-best alternative supplements the income tax by a specific commodity tax. This tax cannot be evaded but distorts optimal consumption choices, instead. The result is that a large majori...

The Iranian economy in recent years is due to the development of economic sanctions, a sharp decline in the price of oil and the deficit resulting from revenue - dependent on oil revenues and the trend towards tax revenues. While comparing the volume of the Iranian economy with the amount of tax income indicates the existence of a relatively significant tax gap. The tax gap is the difference be...

We show the unique form that must be taken by a tax system based entirely on realization accounting to implement a uniform capital income tax, or, equivalently, a uniform wealth tax. This system combines elements of an accrual based capital income tax and a traditional cashflow tax, having many of the attributes of the latter while still imposing a tax burden on marginal capital income. Like th...

Human T-lymphotropic virus-type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of the neurologic disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Tax viral protein plays a critical role in viral pathogenesis. Previous studies suggested that extracellular Tax might involve cytokine-like extracellular effects. We evaluated Tax secretion in 18 h-ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear ...