OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of low levels of fluoroquinolone resistance on the emergence of resistant mutants, we examined the mutant selection window (MSW) hypothesis in experimental pneumonia in rabbits infected with pneumococci with various susceptibility levels to fluoroquinolones and treated with gatifloxacin using a human-like regimen (equivalent to 400 mg once daily). The MSW co...

Sixty extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from rivers and lakes in Switzerland were screened for individual strains additionally exhibiting a reduced quinolone susceptibility phenotype. Totally, 42 such isolates were found and further characterized for their molecular (fluoro)quinolone resistance mechanisms. PCR and sequence analysis were performed to identi...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the United States during the period of 2001-2002. A second objective was to examine the genetic relatedness of pneumococcal isolates with parC and/or gyrA mutations during the period of 1994-200...

BACKGROUND In the Niayes area, located in the west of Senegal, only one tsetse species, Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) was present. The Government of Senegal initiated and implemented an elimination programme in this area that included a sterile insect technique (SIT) component. The G. p. gambiensis strain (BKF) mass-reared at the Centre International de Recherc...

Available nuclear data for molybdenum included in the libraries are not of sufficient quality reactor physics or criticality safety issues and indeed information about uncertainties covariance is either missing leaves much to be desired. Therefore, IRSN JAEA performed experimental measurements on at J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) facility Japan. The aim was measure capture c...

I late 1987, Bob Sprague, Richard Bruce, and other members of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) Electronics and Imaging Laboratory (EIL) proposed fabricating large, wall-sized, flatpanel computer displays from large-area amorphous silicon sheets. It was thought at the time that this technology might also permit these displays to function as input devices for electronic pens and also fo...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to describe clinical characteristics of Salmonella bacteremia in adult patients and analyze ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible isolates. METHODS A total of 101 Salmonella blood isolates from adult patients were collected from January 2011 to December 2013 in MacKay Memorial Hospital. Eight ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible Salmonella blood isolates were sc...

OBJECTIVES To define the genetic characteristics and resistance mechanisms of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) exhibiting high-level fluoroquinolones resistance. METHODS Three S. Typhi and two S. Paratyphi A ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (MICs > 4 mg/L) were compared with isolates with reduced susceptibil...

We have identified the auxin-responsive region (Aux-RR) of the parA promoter; it is derived from a gene that is induced by auxin in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. By analyses of gain-of-function and point mutations in transgenic tobacco plants, we showed that an as-1-like sequence was required, but not alone sufficient, for auxin responsiveness of the parA promoter, as has been also shown for t...