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Leafy flowers are the major symptoms of peanut witches' broom (PnWB) phytoplasma infection in Catharanthus roseus. The orthologs of the phyllody symptoms1 (PHYL1) effector of PnWB from other species of phytoplasma can trigger the proteasomal degradation of several MADS box transcription factors, resulting in leafy flower formation. In contrast, the flowering negative regulator gene SHORT VEGETA...

Until recently it was thought that vision shows us what is actually ‘out there’ at any moment. It was supposed that all the images printed on the retina are coded and transmitted to the cortex; thus every detail of our visual experience would mirror faithfully the ongoing events in the stimulus field. The first clues that things are not that simple came from clinical investigations by Ramachand...

UNLABELLED We aimed to determine whether the ACE A11860G genotype is associated with small for gestational age babies (SGA) and to determine whether the association is affected by environmental factors and fetal sex. Overall, 3234 healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies, their partners and babies were prospectively recruited in Adelaide, Australia and Auckland, New Zealand. Data an...

OBJECTIVE To clarify and quantify the potential dose-response association between the intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Meta-analysis and systematic review of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCE Studies published before February 2014 identified through electronic searches using PubMed and Embase. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective c...

In 2002, a special study was initiated on the additional collection of total beta-activity measurements in milk, milk products, and leafy vegetables conducted in Belarus in April through June 1986 after the Chernobyl accident with subsequent analysis and assessment of the I specific activity. This study is conducted in the framework of a long-term epidemiological study of thyroid diseases among...

A single leafy stem from the Middle or lowermost Upper Devonian Campo Chico Formation, Sierra de Perija, western Venezuela, is the first record of the important Devonian herbaceous lycophyte Leclercqia from South America, usually considered as part of western Gondwana. The seemingly cosmopolitan distribution of this genus is discussed in relation to coeval assemblages and palaeocontinental reco...

Regulated termination of stem cell maintenance is required to complete reproductive development in plants. Two recent studies have revealed a new relationship for some old suspects; the WUSCHEL gene, which promotes indeterminancy, is involved as well as the floral regulators LEAFY and AGAMOUS.

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a noxious perennial weed that produces underground adventitious buds, which are crucial for generating new vegetative shoots following periods of freezing temperatures or exposure to various control measures. It is also capable of flowering and producing seeds, but requires vernalization in some cases. DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes have been propo...