BACKGROUND β-catenin plays a pivotal role in hair follicle development and hair growth cycle. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify β-catenin-regulated genes in cultured human hair outer root sheath (ORS) cells. METHODS Primary cultured ORS cells were transduced with recombinant adenovirus expressing N-terminal truncated β-catenin (constitutive active form), and β-catenin-regulate...

The olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium of the nose detect and discriminate a large number of volatile environmental chemicals. This ability is essential for animals to find prey, food, mates, predators and toxic compounds. In OSNs, odorant receptor (OR) proteins, members of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, are concentrated at the membrane of the cilia...

Abstract Introduction Burn pits (BPs) have been widely used by the U.S. military for waste disposal. Due to obviously toxic nature of BP emissions, exposure may contribute diverse adverse health conditions, including sleep apnea. To our knowledge, this is first study examine association between self-estimated amount emission and self-reported complaints. Methods We an online questionnaire VA/Do...

In the mouse, odorant receptor proteins (ORs) are G-protein-coupled receptors expressed in mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE). ORs mediate odorant reception at the level of the OSN cilia. Most of the ∼1100 OR genes in the mouse genome are expressed, at the RNA level, in mature OSNs. The literature on antibodies against ORs is limited, and most reports...

Elucidating the mechanisms that modulate calcium channels via opioid receptor activation is fundamental to our understanding of both pain perception and how opioids modulate pain. Neuronal voltage-gated N-type calcium channels (Cav2.2) are inhibited by activation of G protein-coupled opioid receptors (ORs). However, inhibition of R-type (Cav2.3) channels by μ- or κ-ORs is poorly defined and has...

Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of Re...

AIM This paper aims to identify factors that systematically predict why some countries that have tried to scale up oral rehydration solution (ORS) have succeeded, and others have not. METHODS We examined ORS coverage over time, across countries, and through case studies. We conducted expert interviews and literature and data searches to better understand the history of ORS scale-up efforts an...