to detect the presence of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in infected allantoic fluid (af) of spf embryonated eggs rapid hemagglutination (ha) activity after treatment with neuraminidase enzyme was used. twenty ibv suspected materials were inoculated in spf embryonated eggs via chorioallantoic cavity. harvested afs were treated with neuraminidase enzyme and the presence of ibv was detected by...

Rabbit and cow anti-Streptococcus dysgalactiae sera were tested by bacterial agglutination, complement fixation, hemagglutination, and immunodiffusion for the presence of antibody. The results of these tests were compared with mouse-protection studies on the same serum to estimate which in vitro test would best reflect the in vivo protective capacity of serum. Identification of the antibody con...

Sensitivity to rubella virus hemagglutination differs considerably with newborn as opposed to adult erythrocytes (RBC) in several animal species. In humans, cord RBC are 16 times more sensitive to hemagglutination, whereas hemagglutination titers with newborn RBC are 6 to 16 times higher in chickens, mice, and rabbits. This higher sensitivity is, however, short-lived, and adult RBC values are o...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Molecular mimicry was found in the case of Citrobacter braakii O37, which shares epitopes with human erythrocytes. It is believed that erythrocyte-membrane proteins band 3 and glycophorin A (GPA) have common epitopes. Band 3 was recognized by the anti-C. braakii O37 lipopolysaccharide antibodies (LPS-Abs) purified on LPS-affinity columns. This study aimed to investigate t...

Protein nanoparticles such as virus-like particles (VLPs) can be obtained by recombinant protein production of viral capsid proteins and spontaneous self-assembling in cell factories. Contrarily to infective viral particles, VLPs lack infective viral genome while retaining important viral properties like cellular tropism and intracellular delivery of internalized molecules. These properties mak...

The sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody to influenza B virus was compared with that of the hemagglutination inhibition test on acute- and convalescence-phase sera obtained from adults and children infected with influenza B virus. Two whole virus, tissue culture-grown antigen preparations were used in the ELISA, influenza B/West Virginia/81 a...

The hemagglutination inhibition test is commonly used for the identification of newly isolated influenza viruses. In this laboratory several difficulties frequently were encountered in typing these new strains after primary isolation by means of this technique. These drawbacks were: (1) Some newly isolated strains are susceptible to nonspecific inhibitors of hemagglutination (Francis, Salk, and...

Kunin, Calvin M. (University of Virginia, Charlottesville) and Mary V. Beard. Serological studies of O antigens of Escherichia coli by means of the hemagglutination test. J. Bacteriol. 85:541-548. 1963.-The serological interrelationships among most of the known O antigens of Escherichia coli were studied by the hemagglutination test. Good agreement with the bacterial agglutination test was foun...