The world has experienced unprecedented urban growth in the last and current centuries. In 1800, only 3% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. It increased to 14 and 47% in 1900 and 2000, respectively. Since 2008, for the first time in history, more than half of the world population lives in the urban areas (Laski and Schellekens, 2007). In year 2003, United Nations estimated that by ...

We present a first attempt to analyse the effect of large urban park (Parco Nord Milano—PNM) on Urban Heat Island (UHI) city area Milan. Specifically, analysis three cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation weather types (CWTs) frequency distribution daily thermal range (DTR) five stations in Milan shows stabilizing DTR when compared with suburban rural areas, generating modal class 4 °C winter 9 ...

Many cities of the world suffer from air pollution because poor planning and design heavy traffic in rapidly expanding urban environments. These conditions are exacerbated due to Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. While there have been studies linking built environment with health, they ignored aggravating role UHI. The past literature this field has also science materials, vehicles pollution, tec...

This study used homogenised mean, maximum, and minimum daily temperatures from 12 stations located in Brno, Czechia, during the 2011–2020 period to analyse heat waves (HW) their impact on canopy urban island (UHI). HWs were recognized as at least three consecutive days with Tx ≥ 30 °C urban–rural intra-urban differences measures analysed. To express contribution UHI, we calculated UHI intensiti...

Cities are frontlines to tackle climate change challenges including the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The classification and mapping of local zones (LCZs) can effectively consistently describe surface structure across regions. This study pays attention two mainstream methods in classifying LCZs, namely, by using geographic information system (GIS) data such as building footprints or remote se...

The urban heat island (UHI) effect resulted from urbanization as well industrialization has become a major environmental problem. UHI aggravates global warming and endangers human health. Thus, mitigating the primary task to address these challenges. This paper verifies feasibility of three-dimensional turbulent porous media model. Using this model, authors simulate canopy wind-heat environment...

Water Cool(ing) Island (WCI) literature has paid little attention to smaller waterscapes in developed areas that are most vulnerable the Urban Heat (UHI) effect. To fill this gap, study investigated participants’ changes body temperature and stress level associated with visual, auditory, thermal properties of small waterscapes. The results demonstrated can provide effective cooling for predomin...