BACKGROUND Risk factors associated with L. donovani visceral leishmaniasis (VL; kala azar) relapse are poorly characterized. METHODS We investigated patient characteristics and drug regimens associated with VL relapse using data from Médecins Sans Frontières - Holland (MSF) treatment centres in Southern Sudan. We used MSF operational data to investigate trends in VL relapse and associated ris...

Seed germination, a critical stage initiating the life cycle of a plant, is severely affected by salt stress. However, the underlying mechanism of salt inhibition of seed germination (SSG) is unclear. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (COP1) counteracts SSG Genetic assays provide evidence that SSG in loss of function of the COP1 mutant ...

Designing a statistical solar flare forecasting technique can benefit greatly from knowledge of the flare frequency of occurrence with respect to sunspot groups. This study analyzed sunspot groups and Hα and X-ray flares reported for the period 1997 – 2007. Annual catalogs were constructed, listing the days that numbered sunspot groups were observed (designated sunspot group-days, SSG-Ds) and f...

Recently, various synchronous grammars are proposed for syntax-based machine translation, e.g. synchronous context-free grammar and synchronous tree (sequence) substitution grammar, either purely formal or linguistically motivated. Aiming at combining the strengths of different grammars, we describes a synthetic synchronous grammar (SSG), which tentatively in this paper, integrates a synchronou...

We present a case of scalp reconstruction using Integra and split skin grafting after extensive excision of melanoma in a previously irradiated field. Radical resection of malignancy and application of Integra, a dermal substitute, was performed. Following histological confirmation of complete excision, a split-thickness skin graft (SSG) was applied. After 14 months the patient remains fully he...

Research on Stackelberg Security Games (SSG) has recently shifted to green security domains, for example, protecting wildlife from illegal poaching. Previous research on this topic has advocated the use of behavioral (bounded rationality) models of adversaries in SSG. As its first contribution, this paper, for the first time, provides validation of these behavioral models based on real-world da...