New findings from African rainforests show chimpanzees to have impressively advanced technology. They make tools of vegetation to harvest termites as in East and West Africa, but some apes in Central Africa show different techniques and tool sets geared for different tasks.

We have built an Ad hoc Protocol Evaluation testbed (APE) in order to perform large-scale, reproducible experiments. APE aims at assessing several different routing protocols in a real world environment instead of by simulation. We present the APE testbed architecture and report on initial experiments with up to 37 physical nodes that show the reproducibility and scalability of our approach. Se...

There is a richly documented fossil record of the evolutionary transition from ape-sized brains that are less that one-third the size of modern humans through a series of intermediate-sized brains up to the modern range. The first report on the discovery of the foot of the Stw 573 skeleton emphasized the apparent transitional nature of its great toe [Clarke, R.J., Tobias, P.V., 1995. Sterkfonte...

Morphological and structural properties of layered Au, Pt-YSZ mixed-potential gas sensing electrodes (APE) prepared under different temperature treatments were studied by environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES), and correlated with open-circuit potential (OCP) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements under gas exposures at elev...

The purpose of this study was to identify the perspectives of Hispanic parents of children with disabilities regarding adapted physical education (APE) professionals in relationship to their child's purposeful play and transition to school programming. Participants (N=11) were Hispanic parents of children with disabilities. Parents participated in one-on-one interviews in their preferred langua...

At first glance, Khoros appears to be yet another dataflow-oriented visual-programming environment, similar to apE (Pixel, November/December 1990, pp. 30-35) and AVS (Pixel, July/August 1990, pp. 30-33). Like apE and AVS, Khoros uses icons on a two-dimensional grid to represent data-visualization processes and lines connecting the icons to represent data flow. Two features, however, distinguish...

Taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses of great apes and humans have identified two potential areas of conflict between molecular and morphological data: phylogenetic relationships among living species and differentiation of great ape subspecies. Here we address these problems by using morphometric data. Three-dimensional landmark data from the hominoid temporal bone effectively quantify the shape...

This work presents a novel approach to Automatic Post-Editing (APE) and WordLevel Quality Estimation (QE) using ensembles of specialized Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems. Word-level features that have proven effective for QE are included as input factors, expanding the representation of the original source and the machine translation hypothesis, which are used to generate an automatical...

Enantioselective esterification of ibuprofen has been successfully carried out in an organic solvent catalyzed by recombinant APE 1547 (a thermophilic esterase from the archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1). Here we used microwave irradiation (MW) as the mode of heating to improve the enzyme performance. Under the optimum conditions, the enzyme activity of APE 1547 was 4.16 μmol/mg/h and the enantiosel...

When faced with delayed, uncertain rewards, humans and other animals usually prefer to know the eventual outcomes in advance. This preference for cues providing advance information can lead to seemingly suboptimal choices, where less reward is preferred over more reward. Here, we introduce a reinforcement-learning model of this behavior, the anticipated prediction error (APE) model, based on th...