Extensive gut metabolism is often associated with the risk of low and variable bioavailability. The prediction of the fraction of drug escaping gut wall metabolism as well as transporter-mediated secretion (Fg ) has been challenged by the lack of appropriate preclinical models. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of models that are widely employed in the pharmaceutical indus...

Determination of Fuhrman grade (FG) on biopsies of renal masses is relatively inaccurate, being prone to underestimating the true grade as ascertained from surgical specimens. This study evaluated whether anatomical features of tumors could predict tumor upgrading between core biopsies and surgical specimens. We prospectively enrolled 249 patients undergoing surgical resection of solid renal ma...

To study fibrin incorporation into thrombi at different wall shear rates, a new method to study fibrin deposition on extracellular matrixes underlying stimulated endothelial cells under flow conditions was developed. For this method, we used fibrinogen labeled with peroxidase (Fg-PO). Fg-PO was fully exchangeable for Fg in the clotting assays tested, and PO activity was bound to fibrin-specific...

Transgenic mice that allow targeting of SV40 T antigen (Tag) to the prostate provide a unique model to identify cancer-initiating cells and follow their progression from a normal cell phenotype into prostate cancer cells. We have developed the FG/Tag transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer using the human fetal globin (FG) promoter linked to Tag. Immunohistochemistry results show that before ...

This study examined the effect of fermented ginseng (FG) on memory impairment and β-amyloid (Aβ) reduction in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro and in vivo. FG extract was prepared by steaming and fermenting ginseng. In vitro assessment measured soluble Aβ42 levels in HeLa cells, which stably express the Swedish mutant form of amyloid precursor protein. After 8 h incubation with the F...

In this paper, we investigate the fixed-point set of an element of a CAT(0) group in its boundary. Suppose that a group G acts geometrically on a CAT(0) space X . Let g ∈ G and let Fg be the fixed-point set of g in the boundary ∂X . Then we show that Fg = L(Zg), where Zg is the centralizer of g (i.e. Zg = {v ∈ G| gv = vg}) and L(Zg) is the limit set of Zg in ∂X . Thus we obtain that Fg 6= ∅ if ...

In this study, the vibration behavior of functional graded (FG) circular and annular nanoplate embedded in a Visco-Pasternak foundation and coupled with temperature change is studied. The effect of in-plane pre-load and temperature change are investigated on the vibration frequencies of FG circular and annular nanoplate. To obtain the vibration frequencies of the FG circular and annular nanopla...

Na–CO2 batteries recently are emerging as promising energy-storage devices due to the abundance of Na in earth's crust and clean utilization greenhouse gas CO2. However, similar metallic Li, also suffers from a serious issue dendrite growth upon repeated cycling, while facile method solve this is still lacking. In work, we report an effective, environmentally friendly inhibit by situ constructi...