When independent variables have high linear correlation in a multiple linear regression model, we can have wrong analysis. It happens if we do the multiple linear regression analysis based on common Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. In this situation, we are suggested to use ridge regression estimator. We conduct some simulation study to compare the performance of ridge regression estimator ...

Since 1782, when Euler addressed the question of existence of a pair of Orthogonal Latin Squares (OLS) by stating his famous conjecture ([8, 9, 13]), these structures have remained an active area of research due to their theoretical properties as well as their applications in a variety of fields. In the current work we consider the polyhedral aspects of OLS. In particular we establish the dimen...

This article reports the findings from a localized spatial modeling approach and visual assessment of crime determinants in Flint, Michigan. Factors pertaining to socioeconomic condition, public health, social capital, environmental stress, and neighborhood context were analyzed spatially and statistically using exploratory data analysis, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), ordinary least...

Most readability formulas calculate a global readability score by combining several indicator values by a linear combination. Typical indicators are Average sentence length, Average number of syllables per word, etc. Usually the parameters of the linear combination are determined by a linear OLS (ordinary least square estimation) minimizing the sum of the squared residuals in comparison with hu...

Ornithine lipids (OLs) are phosphorus-free membrane lipids widespread in bacteria but absent from archaea and eukaryotes. In addition to the unmodified OLs, a variety of OL derivatives hydroxylated in different structural positions has been reported. Recently, methylated derivatives of OLs were described in several planctomycetes isolated from a peat bog in Northern Russia, although the gene/en...

This paper provides theoretical and experimental studies of radio-frequency (RF) photonics processing techniques applicable in subcarrier-multiplexed optical-label switching (OLS) communications systems. The paper provides an overview of various label-coding technologies and introduces subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) as an attractive technology for OLS networks. All-optical-label extraction using...

In this appendix we expand the explanation in Subsection 4.3.1. The IV estimate of the export elasticity to finance is 7.8 times larger than the OLS estimate. We expect the attenuation bias of the OLS estimator to be of the such order of magnitude. This is why. We are interested in the following model of supply-induced variation in exports —demand variation is absorbed by the product-destinatio...

Instrumental Variables (IV) estimates are frequently used to correct Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimates for simultaneity bias. This paper argues that in many instances, in particular when the endogenous variable is a dummy variable, the measure derived overestimates the effect. It presents a simple method for obtaining a correct estimate and applies this method to data of voluntary health i...

The chromium-catalyzed enantioselective addition of carbo halides to carbonyl compounds is an important transformation in organic synthesis. However, the corresponding catalytic enantioselective arylation of ketones has not been reported to date. Herein, we report the first Cr-catalyzed enantioselective addition of aryl halides to both arylaliphatic and aliphatic ketones with high enantioselect...

To investigate the degree of absorption of flavan-3-ols in the small intestine, human subjects with an ileostomy ingested 200 mg of Polyphenon E, a green tea extract, after which ileal fluid and urine, collected over a 24-h period, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. The data obtained indicated that although approximate...