This paper describes preliminary work in exploring the relative effectiveness of speech versus text based tutoring. Most current tutorial dialogue systems are text based (Evens et al., 2001; Rose and Aleven, 2002; Zinn et al., 2002; Aleven et al., 2001; VanLehn et al., 2002). However, prior studies have shown considerable benefits of tutoring through spoken interactions (Lemke, 1990; Chi et al....

This paper studies contract selection between efficiency wages and subjective performance pay to motivate workers in a market setting. The optimal wage contract (which may be a combination of efficiency wages and subjective performance pay) is determined by turnover costs in labor markets. Specifically, labor markets with higher turnover costs use more subjective performance pay and less effici...

Hypoxia By FREDERICK ST0IILMAx, JR., CnmAltLEs E. RATH AND JOHN C. ROSE T HE REGULAR OCCURRENCE of polycythemia in chronsic hypoxic states’ . 2 ansd the suppressions of erythropoiesis by inscreases ins barometric pressure3 or the oxygens conscenstrations of insspired air46 indicate that the state of blood oxygersation is a major factor ins regulatilsg the rate of erythrocytogemsesis. Ins the pa...

As the development of life science and biomedical science, the detection of biomolecules with low abundance and the acquisition of ultra weak biological signals have been become a bottleneck of these fields. Therefore, developing high sensitive analytical methods coupling with the specificity of biological recognition evens is in urgent need [1]. However, owing to the inherent background signal...

به دلیل عدم قطعیت‌های شناختی، تصادفی و محدودیت‌های انعطاف پذیر، در این مطالعه مدل جدیدی از برنامه‌ریزی محدودیت شانس انعطاف‌پذیر، امکانی، استوار مختلط بر مبنای تئوری اعتبار برای طراحی شبکه زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته توسعه داده شد. نگرش‌های متفاوت تصمیم‌گیرندگان با اندازه‌گیری انعطاف‌پذیرتر پارامترهای خوش‌بینانه بدبینانه قالب معیار پاسخ حداقل سطح رضایت انعطاف‌پذیر حل بهینه گردید. پیشنهادی، قادر کاهش ...

امروزه به­ دلیل شتاب روزافزون روند جهانی‌سازی در سراسر دنیا زنجیره تأمین ابعاد جدید به خود گرفته و بسیار پیچیده‌تر از قبل شده است. هوشمند باید طریق فناوری‌های مختلف به­خصوص اینترنت بتواند امکان تبادل اطلاعات سریع کل زنجیره‌ را فراهم کند. پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه کیفی به­منظور ارائه مدل برای خدمات صندوق کارآفرینی امید صورت این روش داده‌بنیاد اشتراوس کوربین (1998)، استفاده تا اشباع نظری مصاحبه‌شوندگا...

For years economists have paid special attention to the disparities in academic achievement among minority groups in the United States. Particularly, the White-Black achievement gap has been the focus of many studies. On average, a Black seventeen year old reads at the proficiency level of a White thirteen year old and, in 2008, about 45% of Whites ages 18 to 24 were enrolled in college compare...

EMILY McDONALD EVENS: Conceptualizing and Testing a New Measure of Fertility Intentions: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Factors that Affect the Achievement of Childbearing Plans (Under the direction of Sian Curtis and Herbert Peterson) Understanding fertility intentions is crucial for reproductive health research and programs. While quantitative research has identified factors associated with f...