The study investigated the effects of ‘low doses’ of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on hippocampal-related (spontaneous working-memory, memory-recall and anxiety) behaviours, and hippocampal glutamate/glutamine levels. A two-trial Y-maze test and 8-arm radial-arm maze spontaneous working-memory test were used to assess the effects of acute and repeated administration of MSG, on novel-arm choice on ...

BACKGROUND Dietary-free L-glutamate (Glu) in the stomach interacts with specific Glu receptors (T1R1/T1R3 and mGluR1-8) expressed on surface epithelial and gastric gland cells. Furthermore, luminal Glu activates the vagal afferents in the stomach through the paracrine cascade including nitric oxide and serotonin (5-HT). AIM To elucidate the role of dietary Glu in neuroendocrine control of the...

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a worldwide used flavor enhancer. Supplemental glutamate may impact physiological functions. The aim of this study was to document the metabolic and physiological consequences of supplementation with 2% MSG (w/w) in rats. After 15 days-supplementation and following the ingestion of a test meal containing 2% MSG, glutamic acid accumulated for 5h in the stomach and f...

Previous studies have reported that the umami taste of monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) and salty-smelling odors (e.g., soy sauce, bacon, sardines) enhance the perception of saltiness. This study aimed to investigate the neural basis of the enhancement of saltiness in human participants using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). University students who had passed a taste panel test partic...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an abnormal liver metabolism often observed with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Calorie restriction is a useful treatment for NAFLD and reportedly prolongs the life spans of several species in which sirtuin plays an important role. In this study, we examined whether the activation of SIRT1, a mammalian ortholog of sirtuin, may ameliorate t...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Endemic plants on oceanic islands have long served as model systems for studying patterns and processes of evolution. However, phylogenetic studies of island plants frequently illustrate a decoupling of molecular divergence and ecological/morphological diversity, resulting in phylogenies lacking the resolution required to interpret patterns of evolution in a phylogenetic co...

Neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) can produce latently expressed defects in drug metabolism and growth hormone secretion as well as stunted growth and obesity. Instead of secreting growth hormone in the masculine episodic profile, plasma hormone levels are generally undetectable in affected adult male rats. Moreover, male-specific isoforms of cytochrome P450 (P450; e.g., CYP...

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has formed a Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Group (MSG) to investigate how M&S can enhance NATO's mission accomplishment and promote cooperation its use. The recently formed MSG-145, is tasked to mature the efforts of the MSG-085 and 048 from an academic study into a truly operational capability. C2SIM provides individual nations a capability to use ...

The gustatory nerves of mice lacking P2X2 and P2X3 purinergic receptor subunits (P2X-dblKO) are unresponsive to taste stimulation (Finger et al., 2005). Surprisingly, P2X-dblKO mice show residual behavioral responses to concentrated tastants, presumably via postingestive detection. Therefore, the current study tested whether postingestive signaling is functional in P2X-dblKO mice and if so, whe...

How contemporary environment interacts with macroevolutionary processes to generate the geographic pattern of bryophyte species is still unresolved. China very rich in bryophytes, more than 3,000 bryophytes covering 70% families world. In this study, we assessed effects (average temperature coldest season TCQ, precipitation warmest PWQ, and elevational range) recent diversification rates (estim...