A sulfated galactan (FG) was isolated from the green alga, Codium fragile. Chemical analysis revealed that FG mainly consisted of D-galactose with pyruvic acid (12.3%) and sulfate (11.0%). Methylation and NMR analyses showed that FG was composed of -->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->, beta-D-Galp-(1--> and -->3,6)-beta-D-Galp-(1--> residue. In addition, pyruvic acid was suggested to be present as (1'-carbo...

Background The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is a primary stabilizer of the knee in the posterior direction. However, PCL deficiency presents a clinical paradox because the outcome of PCL deficiency ranges from total disability to uninterrupted participation in competitive athletics. Purpose To investigate whether posterior laxity (PL) and the flexion gap (FG) influence the results of the...

The radiological properties of nanocomposite Fricke gel (NC-FG) dosimeters prepared with different concentrations of nano-clay, perchloric acid and ferrous ions in deaerated conditions were investigated under carbon and argon ion beam irradiation covering a linear-energy-transfer (LET) range of 10 to 3000 eV/nm. We found that NC-FG exhibits radiological properties distinct from those of convent...

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) form a selective filter that allows the rapid passage of transport factors (TFs) and their cargoes across the nuclear envelope, while blocking the passage of other macromolecules. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) containing phenylalanyl-glycyl (FG)-rich repeats line the pore and interact with TFs. However, the reason that transport can be both fast and spec...

FG nucleoporins (Nups) are the class of proteins that both generate the permeability barrier and mediate selective transport through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The FG Nup family has 11 members in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the study of mutants lacking different FG domains has been instrumental in testing transport models. To continue analyzing the distinct functional roles of FG Nups in...

Extensive gut metabolism is often associated with the risk of low and variable bioavailability. The prediction of the fraction of drug escaping gut wall metabolism as well as transporter-mediated secretion (Fg ) has been challenged by the lack of appropriate preclinical models. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of models that are widely employed in the pharmaceutical indus...

Determination of Fuhrman grade (FG) on biopsies of renal masses is relatively inaccurate, being prone to underestimating the true grade as ascertained from surgical specimens. This study evaluated whether anatomical features of tumors could predict tumor upgrading between core biopsies and surgical specimens. We prospectively enrolled 249 patients undergoing surgical resection of solid renal ma...

To study fibrin incorporation into thrombi at different wall shear rates, a new method to study fibrin deposition on extracellular matrixes underlying stimulated endothelial cells under flow conditions was developed. For this method, we used fibrinogen labeled with peroxidase (Fg-PO). Fg-PO was fully exchangeable for Fg in the clotting assays tested, and PO activity was bound to fibrin-specific...

Transgenic mice that allow targeting of SV40 T antigen (Tag) to the prostate provide a unique model to identify cancer-initiating cells and follow their progression from a normal cell phenotype into prostate cancer cells. We have developed the FG/Tag transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer using the human fetal globin (FG) promoter linked to Tag. Immunohistochemistry results show that before ...

This study examined the effect of fermented ginseng (FG) on memory impairment and β-amyloid (Aβ) reduction in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro and in vivo. FG extract was prepared by steaming and fermenting ginseng. In vitro assessment measured soluble Aβ42 levels in HeLa cells, which stably express the Swedish mutant form of amyloid precursor protein. After 8 h incubation with the F...