There have been a number of recent spectral models that have been successful in reproducing the observed X-ray spectra of galactic black hole candidates (GBHC). However, there still exists controversy over such issues as: what are the sources of hard radiation, what is the system’s geometry, is the accretion efficient or inefficient, etc. A potentially powerful tool for distinguishing among the...

The dynamics of Quantum Cascade Lasers is investigated using modified MaxwellBloch Equations. It is shown that spatial hole burning and the Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH) instability are the main causes for multimode operation in these semiconductor lasers. In 2000, R. Paiella et al. reported strong evidence of self-pulsations at the cavity roundtrip frequency in electrically pumped quantu...

We discuss three different ways to arrive at kaon condensation at nc ≃ 3n0 where n0 is nuclear matter density: (1) Fluctuating around the n = 0 vacuum in chiral perturbation theory, (2) fluctuating around nVM near the chiral restoration density nχ where the vector manifestation of hidden local symmetry is reached and (3) fluctuating around the Fermi liquid fixed point at ∼ n0. They all share on...

We have re-examined the most luminous X-ray sources in the starburst galaxy NGC4631, using XMM-Newton, Chandra and ROSAT data. The most interesting source is a highly variable supersoft ULX. We suggest that its bolometric luminosity ∼ a few 10 erg s in the high/supersoft state: this is an order of magnitude lower than estimated in previous studies, thus reducing the need for extreme or exotic s...

Introduction: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard surgical technique to identify sentinel lymph node (SLN) for the staging of early breast cancer. Nowadays, two methods are used for the identification of SLN: blue dye method aiding visually and radioactive dye using gamma detector. A wide range of gamma probe systems with different design and performance are used in...