Given a convex $n$-gon $P$ and positive integer $m$ such that $3\le m\le n-1$, let $Q$ denote the largest area $m$-gon contained in $P$. We are interested minimum value of $\Delta(Q)/\Delta(P)$, ratio areas these two polygons. More precisely, given integers $n$ $m$, with $3 \le m define \begin{equation*} f_n(m)=\min_{P\in \mathcal {P}_n} \max_{Q \subset P,|Q|=m} \frac{\Delta(Q)}{\Delta(P)} \end...

A strong correlation was previously observed between carbon isotope discrimination (Delta(13)C) of phloem sap sugars and phloem sap sugar concentration in the phloem-bleeding tree Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (J. Pate, E. Shedley, D. Arthur, M. Adams [1998] Oecologia 117: 312-322). We hypothesized that correspondence between these two parameters results from covarying responses to plant water po...

Let $d_G(v)$ be the degree of vertex $v$ in a graph $G$. The Sombor index $G$ is defined as $SO(G) =\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{d^2_G(u)+d^2_G(v)}$, which new degree-based topological introduced by Gutman. $\mathscr{T}_{n,\Delta}$ and $\mathscr{U}_{n,\Delta}$ set trees unicyclic graphs with $n$ vertices maximum $\Delta$, respectively. In this paper, tree minimum among are characterized.

Stable nitrogen isotopes were used to assess the effects of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) upgrades on the utilisation of sewage-N by estuarine biota in Moreton Bay, Australia. We measured delta(15)N of filamentous algae, mangrove leaves and shore crabs at the Brisbane and Logan Rivers before and after scheduled WWTP upgrades, and at two reference rivers where WWTPs had been upgraded >4 year...

Although activation of delta-opioid receptors is known to induce both early and late preconditioning (PC) against myocardial infarction, the mechanisms for this salubrious effect are unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown whether delta-opioid receptors can also induce late PC against myocardial stunning. By using conscious rabbits (n = 120) in this study, we found that the delta-opioid receptor ag...

The utility of hydrogen stable isotope ratio measurement by IR-MS for establishing the origin of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine (ephedrines), precursors of methamphetamine, was evaluated. There are two kinds of commercial semisynthetic ephedrines, one produced from molasses and the other from pyruvic acid. While the semisynthetic ephedrines derived from pyruvic acid cannot be discriminated from ...

N-3 trans geometrical isomers of 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 were isolated from rats fed heated linseed oil. The ability of these acids to inhibit 20:4 n-6 metabolism by human platelets was examined. The concentrations required to inhibit 50% of platelet aggregation (IC50) induced by 2.5 microM 20:4 n-6 were higher for the 20:5 delta 17t isomer compared to all cis 20:5 n-3; means 29.2 and 7.6 microM,...

Metformin lowers blood pressure in humans and in experimental animal models. To determine the mechanism of acute metformin-induced hypotension, we measured changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) during metformin alone (0, 10, 50, 100 mg/kg i.v.; n = 10) and during concomitant alpha adrenergic (phentolamine, 5 mg/kg; n = 5), beta adrenergic (propranolol, 3 mg/kg; n = 6), mus...

BACKGROUND There is no agreement on how a bronchodilator response should be expressed. Ideally, the index used should be able to distinguish asthma from chronic obstructive lung disease and be independent of initial FEV1. METHODS Two hundred and seventy four adults (aged 18-60 years) outpatients with obstructive airways disease were studied. Patients were divided into syndrome groups on the b...