STUDY DESIGN Evaluation using 3-dimensional screw trajectory software and computed tomographic scans. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anatomic feasibility of laminar screw placement in the upper thoracic spine compared with pedicle screw placement. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although laminar screws have been suggested as an alternative to pedicle screws in the upper thoracic spine, previous an...

OBJECTIVES Testicular germ-cell cancer (TGCC) patients are at risk of developing hypogonadism but no risk factors have yet been defined. METHODS Blood was collected from 143 TGCC patients (after orchidectomy, prior to further therapy (T0) and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 months (T6, T12, T24, T36 and T60) after therapy). Biological hypogonadism (BH) was defined as: serum testosterone below 10 nmol/l ...

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state process widely used to join dissimilar aluminium alloys. High quality and strength joints can be fabricated using this technique when compared to other conventional methods. The welding parameters play major role in determining the quality of the weld. This paper aims in presenting the effect of heat input on tensile properties of the joints between ...

PURPOSE It has been hypothesized that the biosynthesis of O-linked glycans on proteins, particularly on the highly O-glycosylated mucins, by the corneal and conjunctival epithelium is necessary for the protection and maintenance of a healthy ocular surface. The initial step in O-glycosylation is the enzymatic addition of N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) to serine and threonine residues by a larg...

Information now available about DNA‘ synthesis by Escherichia coli e n z y r n e ~ ~ ~ has encouraged an inquiry into the biochemical basis for the observation that a phage-infected E. coli cell ceases to produce its own DNA and makes instead the DNA characteristic of the infecting phage.6 This general problem poses several rather specific questions which may be summarized as follows : T2, T4, ...