Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is a rarely reported dermatosis of unknown origin. It is similar to nummular and confluent papillomatosis; punctate, pigmented verrucose papillomatosis; acanthosis nigricans; pseudoacanthosis nigricans; benign acanthosis nigricans; pseudoatrophoderma colli; tinea versicolor; Darier's disease; epidermodysplasia verruciformis; and verruca plana. Treatment ...

BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that anal reconstruction with a gracilis graft pressing the dominant nerve could be used to treat fecal incontinence. However, the detailed mechanism by this remains unknown. Herein, we evaluated the alteration in muscle fiber types and contractility of the peroneus longus muscle in rats after pressing its dominant nerves. MATERIAL AND METHODS The rat sole...

We report a rare case of subcutaneous peroneus longus tendon rupture associated with os peroneum fracture. Three dimensional computed tomographic scan was useful to understand this disorder. We treated the patient with excision of fractured os peroneum and tenodesis of the proximal stump of the ruptured peroneus longus tendon to the lateral aspect of the calcaneus. Key pointsIn order to underst...

Most peroneal tendon ruptures are the result of an inversion ankle sprain. Usually tears of the peroneal tendons are partial ruptures called longitudinal tears. Partial and complete rupture of peroneus longus tendon do occur but are far less common than injuries seen in peroneus brevis. The weakest point of peroneus longus tendon is the point where it changes direction and rounds the plantar su...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of single incision for plating for the treatment of distal tibia and fibula fractures by a gross anatomic study. METHODS The anatomical structures of the anterolateral lower legs were identified. The lower leg length was measured from the top of fibular head to the tip of lateral malleolus. The distances between the extensor digitorum ...

Swan neck thumb deformity can be caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, tendon transfers and paralytic diseases. Abductor pollicis longus is one of the major stabilizing tendon of the carpometacarpal joint of thumb. To the best of our knowledge, swan neck thumb deformity owing to division of abductor pollicis longus tendon is rare. In this article, we desc...

We report the management of the acquired claw-toe deformity in ten adults. Each patient developed a varying number of claw toes at a mean interval of six months after the time of injury. There was clinical evidence of an acute compartment syndrome in one case. The clawing occurred at the start of heel-rise in the stance phase of gait. At this stage the patients complained of increasing pain and...

Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli (EFFC) is a distinct, rare, and underdiagnosed condition of unknown etiology that is characterized by well-demarcated erythema, hyperpigmentation, and follicular papules. The pigmentation is usually on both maxillary, preauricular regions, and the cheeks. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy with EFFC that was associated with reticulated pigmentati...

BACKGROUND The craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) is a clinical test of the anatomical action of the deep cervical flexor muscles, the longus capitis, and colli. It has evolved over 15 years as both a clinical and research tool and was devised in response to research indicating the importance of the deep cervical flexors in support of the cervical lordosis and motion segments and clinical obser...