In this paper we utilize optimal contracts in a Lazear-Rosen tournament to experimentally examine how the selection of an incentive mechanism by managers and, likewise, the self-selection into a mechanism by employees, a§ect employee output. Depending on the treatment, those assigned the role of a principal or an agent could choose between two theoretically equivalent tournaments: a reward tour...

Many countries in Africa suffer high rates of underemployment or low rates of productive employment; many also anticipate large numbers of people to enter the workforce in the near future. This paper asks the question: Are African firms creating fewer jobs than those located elsewhere? And, if so, why? One reason may be that weak business environments slow the growth of firms and distort the al...

The Journal of Economic Literature codes classification system (JEL) published by the American Association (AEA) is de facto standard for research literature in economics. JEL used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers EconLit, a database maintained AEA. Over time, it has evolved extended with over 850 subclasses. This paper reviews history development sys...

To evaluate whether the cervical sliding sign (CSS) can predict outcome of induction labour (IoL). Multicentre prospective study including singleton patients undergoing elective IoL by means oral Misoprostol 50 mcg 4 hourly for a maximum doses at ≥37 weeks gestation. On admission transvaginal ultrasound was performed prior to IoL. Maternal characteristics, length and presence CSS were recorded....

Abstract. The agri-food sector has been and remains the basis of Ukraine’s economy. Today, in face industrial decline all-encompassing process deindustrialization economy, enterprises remain stable market players. Despite obstacles to development, agro-holdings have long dominated market, accumulating significant land financial resources. largest companies are Kernel, UkrLandFarming, MHP, Agrop...