Following Bryant, Ferry, Mio andWeinberger we construct generalized manifolds as limits of controlled sequences {Xi pi →Xi−1 | i = 1, 2, ...} of controlled Poincaré spaces. The basic ingredient is the ε-δ–surgery sequence recently proved by Pedersen, Quinn and Ranicki. Since one has to apply it not only in cases when the target is a manifold, but a controlled Poincaré complex, we explain this i...

The actomyosin system is conserved throughout eukaryotes. Although F-actin is essential for cell growth and plant development, roles of the associated myosins are poorly understood. Using multiple gene knockouts in Arabidopsis thaliana, we investigated functional profiles of five class XI myosins, XI-K, XI-1, XI-2, XI-B, and XI-I. Plants lacking three myosins XI showed stunted growth and delaye...

There is a sequence of random numbers x1, x2 . . . , xn and so on. Numbers are independent of each other, but all numbers are from the same continuous distribution. If xi−1 < xi > xi+1, then xi is a local maximum. Here, we show that the probability mass function (PMF) fm(d) of distances d between local maxima is non-parametric and the same for any probability distribution of random numbers in t...

Events and possible worlds from physical systems States and observables of physical systems provide a very general source of continuously valued events and possible worlds. Let be a “physical system”. Following [6, pp.362–369], a rigorous account of is given by its associated C -algebra , with the set sa of selfadjoint elements, and the set sa of real-valued normalized positive linear functiona...

The Additive-Increase-Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) algorithm is an effective technique for controlling competitive access to a shared resource. LetN be the number of users and let xi(t) be the amount of the resource in possession of the i-th user. The allocations xi(t) increase linearly until the aggregate demand P i xi(t) exceeds a given nominal capacity, at which point a user is selected at...

Molecular markers can be employed to predict the parental genome contribution to inbred lines. The proportion alpha of alleles originating from parent P1 at markers polymorphic between the parental lines P1 and P2 is commonly used as a predictor for the genome contribution of parent P1 to an offspring line. Our objectives were to develop a new marker-based predictor xi for the parental genome c...

In many real-life situations, we are interested in the value of a physical quantity y that is difficult or impossible to measure directly. To estimate y, we find some easier-to-measure quantities x1, . . . , xn which are related to y by a known relation y = f(x1, . . . , xn). Measurements are never 100% accurate; hence, the measured values x̃i are different from xi, and the resulting estimate ỹ ...

The actomyosin system is conserved throughout eukaryotes. Although F-actin is essential for cell growth and plant development, roles of the associated myosins are poorly understood. Using multiple gene knockouts in Arabidopsis thaliana, we investigated functional profiles of five class XI myosins, XI-K, XI-1, XI-2, XI-B, and XI-I. Plants lacking three myosins XI showed stunted growth and delaye...

Recently, an alternative pathway for factor XI activation has been described in which factor XI is activated by thrombin. Patients with a factor XI deficiency bleed mostly from tissues with high local fibrinolytic activity. Therefore, the role of thrombin-mediated factor XI activation in both fibrin formation and fibrinolysis was studied in a plasma system. clotting was induced by the addition ...

In female mammals, one of two X chromosomes is epigenetically inactivated for gene dosage compensation, known as X inactivation (Xi). Inactivation occurs randomly in either the paternal or maternal X chromosome in all embryonic cell lineages, designated as random Xi. By contrast, in extra-embryonic cell lineages, which are segregated from somatic cell lineages in pre-implantation development, t...