Normal breathing in rodents requires activity of glutamatergic Dbx1-derived (Dbx1(+)) preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) neurons expressing somatostatin (SST). We combined in vivo optogenetic and pharmacological perturbations to elucidate the functional roles of these neurons in breathing. In transgenic adult mice expressing channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in Dbx1(+) neurons, photoresponsive preBötC neuron...

The precipitation response to sea surface temperature (SST) gradients associated with the Gulf Stream is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model. Forced by observed SST, the model simulates a narrow band of precipitation, surface convergence, and evaporation that closely follows the Gulf Stream, much like satellite observations. Such a Gulf Stream rainband disappears in the ...

Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) of the ovary is a rare tumor derived from the sex cord stroma. This tumor was first described by Chalvaridjian and Scully in 1973. SST of the ovary is prevalence of 1.5% to 6% of ovarian stromal tumors. Patients are most commonly diagnosed in their 20s and 30s. There have been reports of SST postmenopausal women aged 65-, 67-, and 71 in the Republic of Korea; howe...

The relative computational complexity of two free-variable labelled modal tableaux (KEM and Single Step Tableaux, SST) is investigated. We discuss the reasons why p-simulation is not a proper measure to compare tableaux-like proof systems, and we propose an improved comparison scale (p-search-simulation). It shown that KEM p-search-simulates SST while SST cannot p-search-simulate KEM.

Background The use of SST (Spine and Surface Topography) can significantly reduce the amount of harmful radiation in scoliosis treatment and follow-up. So far the SST examination procedure was only possible in a standing/ upright position of the patient. Newer developments also allow dynamic measurements of the spine in motion. Dynamic SST is a step forward in functional analysis of the spine.

Growth hormone (GH) secretion in male rats exhibits a 3.3 h ultradian rhythm generated by the reciprocal interaction of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF). SRIF receptor subtypes sst(1) and sst(2) are highly expressed in GHRH neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). We previously demonstrated an ultradian oscillation in binding of SRIF analogs to the ARC in relation t...

6 [1] Decadal changes of persistence barriers in various indices of sea surface temperature 7 (SST) and ocean heat content (OHC) are examined in this study using observations and 8 ocean data assimilation products for the period 1958–2001. It is found that the SST 9 indices in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific exhibit very different decadal 10 barrier variability. The variability is la...

OBJECTIVES To compare glucose values obtained using sodium flouride (NaF) tubes and serum separation tubes (SST) in a tertiary care hospital laboratory setting. METHODS This study was conducted at the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Royal Hospital, Oman. During the study period (1 September-30 November 2013), 50 pairs (one NaF tube and one SST) of patient's blood specimens were randomly col...

The mechanism and sensitivity of the lagged response of tropical tropospheric temperature to El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST forcing are examined using the Quasi-Equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model (QTCM) coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean model, along with a simple analytical model. It is found that the lag and amplitude of tropospheric temperature response depend on mixed layer d...

The authors address the interannual signal in the tropical mean temperature of the free troposphere. This signal was shown by Soden to be well simulated by a wide range of general circulation models, given the observed sea surface temperature (SST) as a boundary condition. This suggests that the mechanism by which SST anomalies are communicated to the atmosphere might be understood simply as mo...