background mumps, measles and rubella viruses lead to various kinds of complica- tions such as meningoencephalitis, deafness, congenital abnormalities and even cause mortality in malnourished patients,. since 2004, mmr vaccination in two series of one year of age and four to six years has been administered to iranian children as a part of routine vaccination program. recently, mmr vaccination s...

Mismatch repair (MMR) plays a pivotal role in keeping the genome stable. MMR dysfunction can lead to carcinogenesis by gene mutation accumulation. HMSH2 and hMLH1 are two key components of MMR. High or low expression of them often mark the status of MMR function. Mutations (EGFR, KRAS, etc) are common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is not clear what role MMR plays in NSCLC g...

The prognosis of advanced melanoma is generally poor, because this tumor commonly exhibits intrinsic or acquired resistance to chemotherapy. In an attempt to identify the underlying causes of this resistance, we studied the roles played by the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (OGAT) and the mismatch repair (MMR) system in the sensitivity of melanoma cells to temozolomide...

The mammalian antibody repertoire is shaped by somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci of B lymphocytes. SHM and CSR are triggered by non-canonical, error-prone processing of G/U mismatches generated by activation-induced deaminase (AID). In birds, AID does not trigger SHM, but it triggers Ig gene conversion (GC), a 'homeologous' recombin...

Malignant astrocytomas are the most aggressive primary brain tumors with a poor prognosis despite optimal treatment. Dysfunction of mismatch repair (MMR) system accelerates the accumulation of mutations throughout the genome causing uncontrolled cell growth. The aim of this study was to characterize the MMR system defects that could be involved in malignant astrocytoma pathogenesis. We analyzed...

The purpose was to examine the reliability of physical fitness items from the Eurofit Test Battery for adolescent males with mild mental retardation (MMR; n = 63, mean IQ = 63.0 k11.5, mean age = 15.5 k 1.2) and those without (n = 22, mean age = 15.6 ? 0.6). Males with MMR scored significantly lower (p I .005) than those without on all items except sum of skinfolds, height, and weight. Intracla...

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a specialized system, highly conserved throughout evolution, involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity. To identify novel human genes that may function in MMR, we employed the yeast interaction trap. Using the MMR protein MLH1 as bait, we cloned MED1. The MED1 protein forms a complex with MLH1, binds to methyl-CpG-containing DNA, has homology to bacterial...