The real numbers are governed by a collection of rules that have to do with addition, multiplication, and inequalities. In the rules below, x, y, z 2 R. (In other words, x, y, and z are real numbers.) Rules of addition. • (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) (Law of associativity) • x + y = y + x (Law of commutativity) • x + 0 = x (Law of identity) • x + x = 0 (Law of inverses) Rules of multiplication. • ...

To investigate whether sex chromosome complement modulates bradycardic baroreflex response and contributes to the angiotensin II–bradycardic baroreflex sex differences, we used the four core genotype mouse model in which the effect of gonadal sex and sex chromosome complement is dissociated, allowing comparisons of sexually dimorphic traits among XX and XY females, as well as in XX and XY males...

We present the K-band infrared spectrum of the intermediate polar XY Ari. The spectrum confirms the cataclysmic binary nature of XY Ari, showing emission lines of He I (λ2.0587 μm) and the Brackett and Paschen series of H I. The broad nature of these lines suggest an origin in an accretion disc. The spectrum is strongly reddened by absorption within the molecular cloud Lynds 1457 and shows prom...

RING-finger proteins participate in developmental processes, including gametogenesis. A fetal oocyte cDNA library was used to select genes expressed during male germ-cell differentiation. A novel RING-finger protein, XYbp (XY body protein), participating in mouse spermatogenesis has been identified. This novel gene generates a ubiquitously expressed transcript of 4.2 kb and a testis-specific on...

Polycomb group proteins mediate transcriptional silencing in diverse developmental processes. Sex chromosomes undergo chromosome-wide transcription silencing during male meiosis. Here we report that mouse SCML2 (Sex comb on midleg-like 2), an X chromosome-encoded polycomb protein, is specifically expressed in germ cells, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids. SCML2 associ...

Individuals with 45,X/46,XY karyotype are at increased risk for germ cell tumor development. We report a case with a diagnosis of 45,X/46,XY gonadal dysgenesis who presented with short stature, physical stigmata of Turner syndrome. Her pubertal development was at Tanner stage 3. At follow-up, bilateral prophylactic gonadectomy was performed when considering the risk factors. Pathological assess...

Graph algebras establish a connection between directed graphs without multiple edges and special universal algebras of type (2, 0). We say that a graph G satisfies an identity s ≈ t if the corresponding graph algebra A(G) satisfies s ≈ t. A graph G = (V, E) is called an (xy)x ≈ x(yy) graph if the graph algebra A(G) satisfies the equation (xy)x ≈ x(yy). An identity s ≈ t of terms s and t of any ...

In mammals a single gene on the Y chromosome, Sry, controls testis formation. One of the earliest effects of Sry expression is the induction of somatic cell migration from the mesonephros into the XY gonad. Here we show that mesonephric cells are required for cord formation and male-specific gene expression in XY gonads in a stage-specific manner. Culturing XX gonads with an XY gonad at their s...

Two case histories are presented documenting structural chromosome abnormalities in infertile males. The abnormalities were detected only after application of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was repeatedly unsuccessful or resulted in an abnormal pregnancy. A mosaic Robertsonian translocation 45,XY,der(13;13)(q10; q10)/46,XY,t(13;13)(p10;p10), der(13p;13p) incompatible with normal offspr...

Let R be the set of positive real numbers, B a Banach space, f : R → B, and > 0, p, q, P,Q ∈ R with pqPQ/ 0. We prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the Jensen type logarithmic functional inequality ‖f xy − Pf x − Qf y ‖ ≤ in restricted domains of the form { x, y : x > 0, y > 0, xy ≥ d} for fixed k, s ∈ R with k / 0 or s / 0 and d > 0. As consequences of the results we obtain asymptotic behaviors ...