Economics is defined so broadly in the textbooks that an economist would not be outside the profession’s domain to answer the two main policy questions of this conference: 1. how should the benefits of biotechnology be shared with providers of genetic resources and/or associated knowledge (commonly known as access and benefitsharing, ABS)? 2. how should society handle genetically modified organ...

Doug Gurian-Sherman is a senior scientist in the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) Food and Environment Program. UCS is the leading science-based nonprofit working for a healthy environment and a safer world. The goal of the UCS Food and Environment Program is a food system that encourages innovative and environmentally sustainable ways to produce high-quality, safe, and affordable food, whil...

بخش‌بندی تأمین‌کنندگان، پایه و اساس تصمیمات مدیران زنجیره تأمین با هدف مدیریت توسعه تأمین‌کنندگان است. پژوهش حاضر ارائه رویکردی پویا برای طراحی استراتژی در این به‌دلیل اینکه علاوه بر ویژگی‌های اقلام خرید استراتژی‌ها نقش مهمی دارد، از دومرحله‌ای استفاده شده مرحله نخست، معیارهای مناسب رویکرد پرتفولیو طبقه‌بندی می‌شوند؛ سپس دوم، هر طبقه دو بُعد توانمندی تمایل متناسب بعُد می‌شوند. درنهایت بخش استراتژ...

background: modified radical mastectomy (mrm) is still one of globally accepted surgical techniques for breast cancer and in some selected patient is the gold standard type of surgery. the most frequent complication of this procedure is seroma under skin flaps or in the axilla as reported as much as 30% in some studies. the use of closed suction drainage system to reduce the incidence of this c...

background: primary leiomyosarcoma (lms) of the breast is a very rare neoplasm of the breast arising from the mesenchymal tissue. the clinical presentation of this entity simulates other benign and malignant lesions of mesenchymal tissue of the breast. case presentation: case 1: a 40-year-old female presented with a right-sided breast lump, which was suspected to be a malignant spindle cell tum...

this is a case of a modified blalock-taussig shunt, which was complicated by perigraft transudative, fibrinous fluid accumulation and recurrence after surgical intervention. follow-up and expectant management of the patient was successful. our experience regarding this complication is presented.