We have developed a new fiber-optic system that combines diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) for a multi-modal assessment of the microcirculation. Quantitative data is achieved with an inverse Monte Carlo algorithm based on an individually adaptive skin model. The output parameters are calculated from the model and given in absolute units: hemoglobin oxygen ...

Local cooling of nonglabrous skin without functional sympathetic nerves causes an initial vasodilation followed by vasoconstriction. To further characterize these responses to local cooling, we examined the importance of the rate of local cooling and the effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition in intact skin and in skin with vasoconstrictor function inhibited. Release of norepinephrine...

Introduction. One of the main open problems in classical statistical physics is the formulation and derivation of simple laws that determine macroscopic quantities in strongly interacting systems far from equilibrium. A broad class of nonequilibrium systems can be characterized by the presence of a macroscopic current. An important diagnostic tool of non-equilibrium behaviour is then provided b...

Inhalation anesthetics (e.g. isoflurane) are preferable for longitudinal fMRI experiments in the same animals. We previously implemented isoflurane anesthesia for rodent forepaw stimulation studies, and optimized the stimulus parameters with short stimuli (1-3-s long stimulation with ten electric pulses). These parameters, however, may not be applicable for long periods of stimulation because r...

The normalization constant of the lateral distribution function (LDF) of an extensive air shower is a monotonous (almost linear) increasing function of the energy of the primary. Therefore, the interpolated signal at some fixed distance from the core can be calibrated to estimate the energy of the shower. There is, somehow surprisingly, a reconstructed optimal distance, ropt, at which the effec...

Postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) was evaluated in three healthy volunteers and in three patients with different etiologies and suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Three noninvasive methods were used: transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Changes in perfusion and oxygenation of tissue were measured o...

Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) is a non-invasive method to estimate the blood perfusion in the microcirculation. The method was first introduced over 30 years ago and has undergone a continuous development since. This work presents a thorough theoretical framework of the technique. It is described in detail how the laser light interacts with the tissue and moving red blood cells, how the light f...

Grain-size analysis is a significant descriptive method to determine and evaluate depositional environments hydrodynamic conditions in addition classifying sedimentary rocks. In this study, grain-size was conducted using dry-sieving procedures on fourteen representative sandstone samples from the Wasia Formation, thick water aquifer hydrocarbon reservoir. Hydrodynamic were determined bivariate ...

Abstract Edge networking plays a major part in issues with computer networks and the path. In this article, linear Diophantine fuzzy (LDF) graphs, we present special forms of bridges, cut-vertices, cycles, trees, forests, introduce some their characteristics. Also, one most researched sets (LDFS) systems is minimum spanning tree (MST) problem, where arc costs have values. work, focus on an MST ...

Background The latissimus dorsi flap (LDF) is the most commonly used autologous for breast reconstruction (BR) in China. We conducted this study to explore current status of BR using LDF with/without implants. Methods This was a single-center retrospective that included tumor patients who underwent at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) between 2000 and 2021. Results analyzed 4918 p...