BACKGROUND There is a need for an easily administered instrument which can be applied to all patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) to measure disease severity for clinical assessment, research, or therapeutic trials. The pathophysiology of RLS is not clear and no objective measure so far devised can apply to all patients or accurately reflect severity. Moreover, RLS is primarily a subjecti...

In this paper, normalized least mean (NLMS) square and recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive channel estimator are described for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. These CE methods uses adaptive estimator which are able to update parameters of the estimator continuously, so that the knowledge of channel and noise statistics are not ...

CONTEXT Restless legs syndrome (RLS) treatments have included medications with many adverse effects and limited utility. A noninvasive device would potentially have extensive use where RLS medications may not be appropriate, such as in pregnant or breastfeeding women, people with mild RLS, people who operate machinery or drive occupationally, people with severely impaired renal function, or peo...

OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS) seems to involve inherited mechanism and dysfunction of the dopaminergic system. Previous articles have shown that the frequency of RLS is higher in migraine patients than in controls. We conducted a study to evaluate comorbidities, medication used and depressive symptoms that can explain the relation between migraine an...

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a genetically complex neurological disorder in which overlapping genetic risk factors may contribute to the diversity and heterogeneity of the symptoms. The main goal of the study was to investigate, through analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), whether in RLS patients the MEIS1 polymorphism at risk influences the sympathovagal regulation in different sleep s...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sub-Saharan Africa and other resource-limited settings (RLS) bear the greatest burden of the HIV epidemic globally. Advantageously, the expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in increased survival of HIV individuals in the last 2 decades. Data from resource rich settings provide evidence of increased risk of comorbid conditions such as osteoporosis and f...

The study included 60 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) hospitalized at our institution from September 1 to December 31, 2014. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in MS patients and RLS relationship with patient age, sex, degree of disability, form of MS, time elapsed from MS diagnosis and use of antidepressants. The diagnosis of RLS was made ac...

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Saudi patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 3 hemodialysis centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between June 2012 and September 2013. All patients were individually interviewed and data was collected on the following: demographic features, medical hi...

Contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler (c-TCD) has been used to detect right-to-left shunts (RLS) because it is highly sensitive and cost-effective. The use of provocation maneuvers, such as physiologic maneuvers (e.g., coughing) and the Valsalva maneuver (VM) to transiently increase right atrial pressure and induce RLS increases the sensitivity of RLS detection. In this study, we sought to det...

Two recursive least-squares (RLS) adaptive filtering algorithms are most often used in practice, the exponential and sliding (rectangular) window RLS algorithms. This popularity is mainly due to existence of low-complexity versions these However, two windows not always best choice for identification fast time-varying systems, when performance important. In this paper, we show how with arbitrary...