To prevent further increases in energy consumption, the government of Iran commenced energy subsidy reform in 2010. This paper investigates the fuel conservation effects of the reform in Iran using a homothetic translog cost function that provides estimates of the own- and cross-price elasticities of fuel demands. The percentage reduction in fuel demands is estimated using the likely effect of ...

Some empirical evidence suggests that the expected real interest and expected inflation rates are negatively correlated. This hypothesis of negative correlation is sometimes known as the Mundell-Tobin hypothesis. In this article we reinvestigate this negative relation from a long-term point of view using cointegration analysis. The data on the historical interest rate on T-bills and the inflati...

Recent work suggests VAR models of output, inflation, and interest rates may be prone to instabilities. In the face of such instabilities, a variety of estimation or forecasting methods might be used to improve the accuracy of forecasts from a VAR. The uncertainty inherent in any single representation of instability could mean that combining forecasts from a range of approaches will improve for...

Two alternative methodologies are compared for identifying common trends and cycles in a set of variables. One, following Harvey, uses an unobserved components structural time series model. The other, following Vahid and Engle, is based on a multivariate BeveridgeNelson decomposition. Both approaches are applied to a four sector model of output in the UK over the period 1970Q1-1993Q2, producing...

Using intra-day data, this paper investigates the contribution to the price discovery of Euro and Japanese Yen exchange rates in three foreign exchange markets based on electronic trading systems: the CME GLOBEX regular futures, E-mini futures, and the EBS interdealer spot market. Contrary to evidence in equity markets and more recent evidence in foreign exchange markets, the spot market is fou...