OBJECTIVE To compare the ability of the simple erosion narrowing score (SENS) to classify radiographic progression relative to the Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) in a prospective cohort of anti-TNF-treated RA patients. METHODS Radiographs of the hands, wrists and feet of patients enrolled in a pharmacovigilance programme are performed every 2 years. These radiographs were read in chronologi...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to a range of relatively low concentrations of aged secondhand smoke (SHS), similar to those encountered commonly in the community, would impair endothelial function in a concentration-dependent manner. BACKGROUND Exposure to SHS impairs endothelial function in humans. The concentration-dependent relationship for aged SHS ef...

BACKGROUND Prematurity is an issue related to increasing the neonatal morbidity and mortality and smoking pregnant women cause the risk of low birth weight and prematurity increase, compared to non-smoking ones. OBJECTIVES This study investigates second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure's effects over pregnant women on gestational age and birth weight. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive-anal...

Our objective was to provide descriptive data on flight attendant secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the work environment, and to examine attitudes toward SHS exposure, personal health, and smoke-free policy in the workplace and public places. Flight attendants completed a web-based survey of self-reported SHS exposure and air quality in the work environment. We assessed the frequency and durat...

In insects, survival to heat-stress (SHS) is a trait related to thermal adaptation (Hoffmann et al., 2003). SHS can increase by acclimation, as heat acclimation is the increase in thermotolerance due to either repeated or long-term exposures to heat stress (Hoffmann et al., 2003). In Drosophila melanogaster, previous work showed that both SHS and another trait of thermal adaptation, knockdown r...

OBJECTIVE Behavioral, environmental, and biological measures of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are reviewed with special consideration of medically at-risk children. METHODS An ecological measurement framework is introduced to examine SHS exposure of children in the context of their physical and social environments. RESULTS The proposed approach emphasizes the need to measure (a) who uses ...

BACKGROUND Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) may increase risk for obesity, but few studies have investigated the joint effects of exposure to SHS and diet. OBJECTIVES We examined the interaction of exposure to SHS and diet on the prevalence of obesity among 6- to 19-year-olds who participated in the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS We characterized expos...

BACKGROUND Little is known about risk perception of secondhand smoke (SHS) and its changes over time. The aim of the study was to examine the role of smoking status and demographics on perceiving a range of health risks of SHS exposure and their trends over time among a representative sample of the Irish general population. METHODS This study included 2 repeated cross-sectional samples of Iri...

BACKGROUND Although personal cigarette smoking is the most important cause and modulator of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure could influence the course of the disease. Despite the importance of this question, the impact of SHS exposure on COPD health outcomes remains unknown. METHODS We used data from two waves of a population-based multiwave U.S. ...

BACKGROUND Less is known about the effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) on mental health as compared with other medical disorders. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to examine the following: 1) the association of SHS exposure with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) and disruptive disorders; and 2) the association of maternal recall of a child's SHS exposure and that child's exp...