BACKGROUND Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a major cause of graft failure. Hemodynamic factors such as stagnation and disturbed blood flow are involved in IH formation. The aim of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of distal-end side-to-side (deSTS) and end-to-side (ETS) anastomoses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) after validating the results via particle image velocimetry (PI...

UNLABELLED Ion channel currents, neural firing patterns, and brain BOLD signals display 1/f-type fluctuations or fractal properties in time. By design, fMRI methods attempt to minimize the contribution of variance from low-frequency physiological 1/f-noise. New fMRI methods are described to visualize and measure 1/f-type BOLD fluctuations in volunteers recalling affectively neutral or emotional...

Background and Significance: Many hospitalized patients require an intravenous (IV) catheter to maintain vascular access or for administration of fluids and medications. The best approach to attaining peripheral intravenous (PIV) access for long term therapy is unknown, particularly in patients with a history of difficult IV placement. Purpose: To measure clinical outcomes using a Modified Seld...

A PIV study of the flow in a stationary model of a smooth two-pass internal coolant passage is presented, which focuses on the flow characteristics in the sharp 180o bend and downstream of the bend where the flow is redeveloping. Because PIV in its traditional conception only allows for the investigation of two-dimensional flow, a stereoscopic digital PIV system was assembled that measures all ...

Peptides presentation to T cells by MHC class II molecules is of importance in initiation of immune response to a pathogen. The level of MHC II expression directly influences T lymphocyte activation and is often targeted by various viruses. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encoded LANA is known to evade MHC class I peptide processing, however, the effect of LANA on MHC class II re...

X-ray PIV measurement is a noninvasive approach to measure opaque blood flows. However, it is not easy to measure real pulsatile blood flows in the blood vessels located at deep position of the body, because the surrounding tissues significantly attenuate the contrast of X-ray images. This study investigated the effect of surrounding tissues on X-ray beam attenuation by measuring the velocity f...

— Rational solutions of the second, third and fourth Painlevé equations (PII–PIV) can be expressed in terms of logarithmic derivatives of special polynomials that are defined through coupled second order, bilinear differential-difference equations which are equivalent to the Toda equation. In this paper the structure of the roots of these special polynomials, and the special polynomials associa...

The dynamic velocity range of particle image velocimetry (PIV) is determined by the maximum and minimum resolvable particle displacement. Various techniques have extended the dynamic range, however flows with a wide velocity range (e.g., impinging jets) still challenge PIV algorithms. A new technique is presented to increase the dynamic velocity range by over an order of magnitude. The multiple...

Blood-perfused tissue models are joining the emerging field of tumor engineering because they provide new avenues for modulation of the tumor microenvironment and preclinical evaluation of the therapeutic potential of new treatments. The characterization of fluid flow parameters in such in-vitro perfused tissue models is a critical step towards better understanding and manipulating the tumor mi...

Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous (USG-PIV) catheter placement has been described in the emergency medicine literature for more than a decade. Several studies have shown that USG-PIV placement can decrease the number of needle insertion attempts, decrease the number of potentially unnecessary central line placements, and increase patient satisfaction scores. Additional evidence has shown...