Mainstream crowdwork platforms treat microtasks as indivisible units; however, in this article, we propose that there is value in re-examining this assumption. We argue that crowdwork platforms can improve their value proposition for all stakeholders by supporting subcontracting within microtasks. After describing the value proposition of subcontracting, we then define three models for microtas...

In lytic cycle crosses with Red-Gam-lambda phage, particles were examined that had undergone an Int-mediated exchange. It was assumed that this exchange dimerized the circular lambda, making it packageable. Among these Int-mediated recombinants, particles were identified that had, in addition, enjoyed a close double exchange mediated by the RecBC pathway. Such close double exchanges indicate lo...

Objective: To examine the link between childhood behavioral dimensions and adolescent conduct disorder (CD) among a large sample of boys and girls monitored longitudinally. Method: Teachers rated the behaviors of 1,569 children every year between kindergarten and grade 6. On the basis of these seven yearly ratings, groups of children who followed distinct trajectories on three behavioral dimens...

The verification formalism / modeling and simulation language hybrid Chi is defined. The semantics of hybrid Chi is formally specified using Structured Operational Semantics (SOS) and a number of associated functions. The χ syntax and semantics can also deal with local scoping of variables and/or channels, implicit differential algebraic equations, such as higher index systems, and they are ver...