The methods of extraction, separation and analysis of alkaloids and indole glucosinolates (GLs) ofIsatis tinctoria were reviewed. Different analytical approaches such as High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS), Electrospray Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance...

It has always been assumed that electrical contact at the capillary outlet is a necessary requirement when coupling capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In this study, we used a pulled bare-capillary tip as the ESI emitter, but neither was it coated with any electrically conductive materials nor was a high external voltage applied on its outlet...

Salt removal is a prerequisite for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of biological samples. Rapid desalting and a low volume connection to an electrospray tip are required for time-resolved measurements. We have developed a microfabricated desalting device that meets both requirements, thus providing the foundational technology piece for transient ESI-MS measurements o...

The approach of two different ionization techniques including electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was tested for the analysis of cholesteryl esters (CEs). The retention time (RT), signal intensity, protonated ion, and product ion of CEs were compared between ESI and APCI. RT of C...

BACKGROUND The efficacy of lumbar percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) as a minimally invasive technique has been relatively well investigated, but the clinical effectiveness of cervical PEN (C-PEN) has yet to be established. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between C-PEN and cervical epidural steroid injection (C-ESI). STUDY DESIGN Randomized control ...

A chip-type design asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) channel has been developed for high-speed separation of proteins and top-down proteomic analysis using online coupled electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The new miniaturized AF4 channel was assembled by stacking multilayer thin stainless steel (SS, 1.5 mm each) plates embedded with an SS frit in such a way that...

Large penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) impacts Energy Supply Industry (ESI) in many aspects leading to a fundamental change in electric power systems. It raises a number of technical challenges to the Transmission System Operators (TSOs), Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) constructors. This paper aims to present in a thorough and coherent way th...

Catheter exit site/tunnel infections are a major cause of S. aureus peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Hence, the prevention of ESI and tunnel infection due to S. aureus is important. A number of studies have reported that the application of mupirocin ointment intranasally or to the catheter exit site prophylactically, reduces S. aureus ESI/tunnel infection and peritonitis when c...

The electrospray ionization (ESI) is a complex process and there has been a long debate regarding the gas-phase effect on ion generation in the process. In this paper we investigated the effect of liquid chromatographic mobile phase additives (formic acid, aqueous ammonia and their combination) on the ESI signal intensities for a wide variety of compounds. The addition of a trace amount of aque...

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) is a versatile analytical technique in glycomics of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Combined with enzymology, ESI MS is used for assessing changes in disaccharide composition of GAGs biosynthesized under different environmental or physiological conditions. ESI coupled with high-resolution mass analyzers such as a Fourier transform mass spectrometer ...