INTRODUCTION In a cross between two mouse strains, the susceptible B10.RIII (H-2(r)) and resistant RIIIS/J (H-2(r)) strains, a locus on mouse chromosome 5 (Eae39) was previously shown to control experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Recently, quantitative trait loci (QTL), linked to disease indifferent experimental arthritis models, were mapped to this region. The aim of the present ...

Metformin is widely used to suppress certain functions of the cells found in diseases including diabetes and obesity. In this study, the effects of metformin on downregulating IL-17-producing T (Th17) cells, activating and upregulating regulatory T (Treg) cells, suppressing osteoclastogenesis, and clinically scoring collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were investigated. To evaluate the effect of m...

Change Impact Analysis (CIA) is an important task for all who develops and maintains safety critical software. Many of the safety standards that are used in the development and use of systems with a certified safety integrity level (SIL) requires changes of such systems to be initiated by a CIA. The resulting CIA report will identify planned changes that may threaten the existing safety level. ...

Background. Angiogenesis is involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leading to leucocyte recruitment and inflammation in the synovium. Furthermore, synovial inflammation itself further potentiates endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the reciprocical relationship between synovial inflammation and angiogenesis in a RA model, namely collagen-induced arth...

Increasing numbers of programmers find that they must work on large software systems that they did not write and do not entirely understand. In this situation it is necessary for the programmer to build a working model of the system's design. The process of constructing a working design model from studying the source code may be called software archaeology. This paper demonstrates how software ...

Correspondence: Thomas H Tarter Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19665, Springfield, IL 62794-9665, US. Tel +1 217 545 7390 Fax +1 217 545 7305 email [email protected] Abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a frequent cause of lower urinary symptoms, with a prevalence of 50% by the sixth decade of life. Hyperplasia of stromal and epithelial ...

In his preface to Vietnam Declassified, Thomas Ahern writes that when he left Vietnam in 1965, “I knew we were losing, but I had no idea why the Saigon government was in retreat in the countryside, and the VC ascendant.”(12) In this book, originally published internally in 2001 as a classified history entitled CIA and Rural Pacification in South Vietnam, Ahern provides many answers, formed with...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of sensory neurons in ankle joints and adjacent tissue to the development of pain in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and to determine the relationship between pain and the appearance of clinical signs. METHODS Mechanical and heat hypersensitivity and hind paw swelling were assessed in Lewis rats before and until 18 days following collagen immunization....

IL-12 can promote Th1 responses, and early administration of IL-12 during immunization was shown to enhance expression of autoimmune collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We now studied the impact of IL-12 at the stage of disease expression and during established CIA in DBA-1 mice. Accelerated onset and enhanced severity were provoked when i.p. injections of 100 ng of murine IL-12 (mIL-12) were giv...

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Acute C. jejuni-mediated disease (campylobacteriosis) involves C. jejuni invasion of host epithelial cells using adhesins (e.g., CadF and FlpA) and secreted proteins [e.g., the Campylobacter invasion antigens (Cia)]. The genes encoding the Cia proteins are up-regulated upon co-culture of C. jejuni with epithelial ce...