In order to explore the role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of CRS, we observed the expression of IL-22 and associated factors in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expression of IL-22, IL-22R, STAT3, retinoic acid orphan receptor C (RORC) and aryl hydrocarbon recptor (A...

This paper considers the maximum value of the permanent over the class H(m, n) of n × n Hessenberg, (0, 1)-matrices with m 1’s, and shows that among those matrices that attain the maximum value there exists a matrix with a special form. This special form determines the exact value of the maximum permanent on H(m, n) for certain values of m and n.

This final overview draws on the papers selected for this volume and other sources to identify obstacles to sexual behaviour change in the African AIDS epidemic. Limitations to existing interventions and possible new interventions are then discussed. Obstacles to behavioural change are identified as the adherence to the present sexual culture; the refusal of leaders to recognize or come to term...

The sets generated as the long time attractors of “physical” dynamical systems described by ordinary differential equations or discrete evolution equations in the case of maps such as the Hénon map appear to be very complicated, often with unpleasant properties such as the lack of robustness (the parameters leading to chaotic and nonchaotic solution may be intertwined on an arbitrarily small sc...

Computi ng is the science of information processing, and the generation and manipulation of information pervades all aspects of computing. Nevertheless, we feel confident in asserting that information—data and knowledge—is even more important in the Grid environment than in other domains. We make this assertion for two reasons. First, the virtual organizations that define Grid systems are forme...