In this work two issues concerning the use of the Automatic-Gain-Control (AGC) gain level for detecting and estimating the Jammer-to-Noise (J/N) ratio of Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) are investigated. In the presence of RFI the AGC will reduce the gain level to keep the rms noise level at the input to the Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC) at a set level. As this level has to be estimate...

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is increasingly affecting radio astronomy research. A few years ago, active research to investigate the possibility of observing in the presence of interference using RFI mitigation techniques was initiated. In this paper, I briefly discuss four RFI mitigation/excision projects. These projects are: (1) A technique to suppress double sideband amplitude modulate...

OBJECTIVE To study the differences in mortality between terlipressin and somatostatin treatments in cirrhotic patients with esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) and renal functional impairment (RFI). METHODS The National Health Insurance Database, part of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program, was used to enroll cirrhotic patients who had received endoscopic variceal ligation plus somato...

BACKGROUND There are still controversies about the therapeutic strategies and subsequent outcome in head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma. METHODS Clinicopathological data of 23 Merkel cell carcinomas, 93 cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), 126 malignant melanomas, and 91 primary parotid gland carcinomas were comprehensively analyzed. Merkel cell carcinomas were cytokerat...

Variation in residual feed intake, that is, variation in feed intake in relation to liveweight (LW) and growth rate, was investigated using data from 540 progeny of 154 British Hereford sires, collected over ten 200-day postweaning performance tests conducted between 1979 and 1988. Residual feed intake (RFI ) was calculated for each test as the difference between Reg actual feed and expected fe...

Modern methods of selection have contributed greatly to the genetically superior high yielding animals of current animal production systems [1]. While this being the case of the developed world, animal production in the tropics is constrained by the everlasting deficit in feed supply [2]. Therefore, a method based on lower feed intake without affecting mature weight and production will have a g...

Interest in improving feed efficiency in cattle is intensifying. Residual feed intake (RFI), which is the difference between expected intake and that predicted based on energy demands, is now the most commonly used measure of feed efficiency over a given time period. However, RFI, as commonly defined, is independent of growth rate, which may affect its acceptance by industry. Residual BW gain (...

Normality tests have been shown to be powerful tools for detecting radio frequency interference (RFI) in microwave radiometer systems [1]-[4]. These tests are based on the fact that received fields produced by thermal noise are Gaussian (or “normal”) random variables; the presence of any RFI generally disrupts normality. Numerous statistical tests of the normality of a data sample have been des...

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of the efficiency of animals in feed utilization. The accuracies of GEBV for RFI could be improved by increasing the size of the reference population. Combining RFI records of different breeds is a way to do that. The aims of this study were to 1) develop a method for calculating GEBV in a multibreed population and 2) improve the accuracies of GEBV by usi...