Direct current (DC) electricity distribution systems have been proposed as an alternative to traditional, alternating current (AC) distribution systems for commercial buildings. Partial replacement of AC distribution with DC distribution can improve service to DC loads and overall building energy efficiency. This article develops (i) a mixed-integer, nonlinear, nonconvex mathematical programmin...

Historically, the development and design of distribution systems (DSs) microgrids (MGs) were based primarily on alternating current (AC) as a traditional approach due to many advantages such eliminating need for synchronization, well ease integrating distributed energy resources (DERs). Recently, given democratization DER through local installations renewable appliances using power electronics,...

Introduction. Intraoperative stress responses and postoperative pain can be monitored using photoplethysmography (PPG). PPG signal has two components, AC and DC. Effects of noxious stimuli-induced stress responses have not been studied on the DC component of PPG. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a known noxious stimulus (endotracheal intubation) on both the AC and DC compo...

يا هچروم يدنب هشوخ متيروگلا ياراد پ ا ار يددعتم ياهرتم هلمج زا ،نتشادرب هب طوبرم ياهرتماراپ نتشاذگ اه هداد ديد عاعش ، يم هك دشاب ريثات و دنراد متيروگلا ييارگمه و دركلمع رد يدايز اطخ و شيامزآ تروص هب لاومعم نييعت يم رگ د دن . شور هلاقم نيا رد ي رب ينتبم CLA-PSO 1 ي هتسسگ لدم كي هك PSO دشاب يم يارب قيبطت كيتاموتا پ ياهرتمارا يا هچروم يدنب هشوخ يم داهنشيپ ددرگ . روظنم هب گلا ساسا رب هك د...

We present ac-dc transfer standard measurements using the NIST pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard source. We have investigated the frequency dependence for several output voltages up to 200 mV for frequencies from 2.5 kHz to 100 kHz. We found that as the frequency increases, the ac-dc differences for the two arrays on the same chip do not agree. We investigated different attempts of imp...

The interaction mechanism between AC and DC systems in a hybrid AC-DC transmission grid is discussed with PSS/E software. Analysis shows that receiving-end AC faults may cause much more damage on the HVDC system operation than the sending-end AC faults in a multi-infeed HVDC system, and the damage severity depends on the power recovering rate of the HVDC systems. For HVDC systems with slow powe...