A PIV study of the flow in a stationary model of a smooth two-pass internal coolant passage is presented, which focuses on the flow characteristics in the sharp 180o bend and downstream of the bend where the flow is redeveloping. Because PIV in its traditional conception only allows for the investigation of two-dimensional flow, a stereoscopic digital PIV system was assembled that measures all ...

Peptides presentation to T cells by MHC class II molecules is of importance in initiation of immune response to a pathogen. The level of MHC II expression directly influences T lymphocyte activation and is often targeted by various viruses. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encoded LANA is known to evade MHC class I peptide processing, however, the effect of LANA on MHC class II re...

X-ray PIV measurement is a noninvasive approach to measure opaque blood flows. However, it is not easy to measure real pulsatile blood flows in the blood vessels located at deep position of the body, because the surrounding tissues significantly attenuate the contrast of X-ray images. This study investigated the effect of surrounding tissues on X-ray beam attenuation by measuring the velocity f...

— Rational solutions of the second, third and fourth Painlevé equations (PII–PIV) can be expressed in terms of logarithmic derivatives of special polynomials that are defined through coupled second order, bilinear differential-difference equations which are equivalent to the Toda equation. In this paper the structure of the roots of these special polynomials, and the special polynomials associa...

The dynamic velocity range of particle image velocimetry (PIV) is determined by the maximum and minimum resolvable particle displacement. Various techniques have extended the dynamic range, however flows with a wide velocity range (e.g., impinging jets) still challenge PIV algorithms. A new technique is presented to increase the dynamic velocity range by over an order of magnitude. The multiple...

Blood-perfused tissue models are joining the emerging field of tumor engineering because they provide new avenues for modulation of the tumor microenvironment and preclinical evaluation of the therapeutic potential of new treatments. The characterization of fluid flow parameters in such in-vitro perfused tissue models is a critical step towards better understanding and manipulating the tumor mi...

Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous (USG-PIV) catheter placement has been described in the emergency medicine literature for more than a decade. Several studies have shown that USG-PIV placement can decrease the number of needle insertion attempts, decrease the number of potentially unnecessary central line placements, and increase patient satisfaction scores. Additional evidence has shown...

The current empirical study was conducted to investigate the wall neighborhood impact on the two-dimensional flow structure and heat transfer enhancement behind a square cylinder. The low- velocity open-circle wind tunnel was used to carry out the study tests considering the cylinder diameter (D)-based Reynolds number (ReD) of 5130. The selected items to compare were different gap he...

In the chemical process industry bubble columns are widely used and there is a lot of interest in the modelling of the gas-liquid flow in such equipment with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In order to validate CFD simulations of gas-liquid flows in bubble columns one needs detailed measurement data at moderate gas fractions (i.e. up to 5 vol.%). For the validation of CFD results...

Sashka’s Technique applied to pFBP The key step in Sashka and Russel’s technique to prove lower bounds for pFBT was to prove that for each path p of length l, PrI [S(I) ⊢ PSp | I ⊢ PIp] ≤ 1 f . We extend this to a technique for pFBP. The key step is to prove that for each node v at depth l, PrI [S(I) ⊢ PSv | I ⊢ PIv] ≤ 1 f . My intuition was that PrI [S(I) ⊢ PSv | I ⊢ PIv] ≤ maxp∈v PrI [S(I) ⊢ ...