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Stroke is the third leading cause of death in industrialized nations. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of stroke, and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria is thought to be the main cause of oxidative stress. NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes have recently been identified and studied as important producers of ROS in brain tissues after stroke. Several r...
Anemia of chronic inflammation is the most prevalent form of anemia in hospitalized patients. A hallmark of this disease is the intracellular sequestration of iron. This is a consequence of hepcidin-induced internalization and subsequent degradation of ferroportin, the hepcidin receptor and only known iron-export protein. This study describes the characterization of novel anti-hepcidin compound...
A number of studies have documented associations between maternal air pollution exposure and adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight. However, only limited information exists for air pollution vis-à-vis pregnancy complications, which may share some underlying mechanisms with poor birth outcomes. A new study now reports an association between exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOX) and two pre...
Ozone pollution in the Southeast US involves complex chemistry driven by emissions of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) and biogenic isoprene. Model estimates of surface ozone concentrations tend to be biased high in the region and this is of concern for designing effective emission control strategies to meet air quality standards. We use detailed chemical observations from...
The American electric power industry is undergoing dramatic changes in the way it is structured and regulated. As of June of 1998, state utility regulators, state legislatures or both in 17 states had made the decision to implement retail competition within 5 years or less. Competition in electricity markets and associated new opportunities for expanded interregional electricity trading could r...
BACKGROUND Maladaptive immune responses, particularly cytokine and chemokine-driven, are a significant contributor to the deleterious inflammation present in many types of injury and infection. Widely available applications to rapidly assess individual inflammatory capacity could permit identification of patients at risk for exacerbated immune responses and guide therapy. Here we evaluate neutr...
The aim of this study was to evaluate nitric oxide (NOx) concentration in infected and non-infected mammary quarters of dairy heifers before and after calving. The relationship between bacterial species and NOx concentrations, as well as correlation between NOx concentrations and postpartum somatic cell count (SCC), was assessed. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Esche...
Using microdialysis, we have examined the effects of ketamine on concentrations of total nitric oxide oxidation products (NOx-) in the rat hippocampus and striatum in vivo to investigate the relationship between anaesthesia and NOx- production in the brain. Ketamine 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 i.p. increased NOx- concentrations to mean 125 (SD 13)%, 165 (11)% and 193 (13)% of basal, respectively, in...
The current work demonstrates the feasibility of atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma technique for NOx pollution control. Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor has been constructed for the treatment of the exhaust of 4kWs free load diesel engine. The nature and properties of the discharge were identified through studying electrical characterization of the discharg...
The emission control of NOx in exhaust gases is one of the greatest engineering challenges to extend the practical and commercial application of diesel and lean burn engines. One solution is selective NOx reduction using hydrocarbons in an oxidizing atmosphere. We mainly focused on catalytic reactions under temperature excursion because of the resemblance to conditions prevailing in real automo...
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